顶点数据管理

uint16_t f32_to_f16(float f) {
  uint32_t x = (uint32_t)f;
  uint32_t sign = (unsigned short)(x >> 31);
  uint32_t mantissa;
  uint32_t exp;
  uint16_t hf;

  mantissa = x & ((1 << 23) - 1);
  exp = x & (0xFF << 23);
  if (exp >= 0x47800000) {
    // check if the original number is a NaN
    if (mantissa && (exp == (0xFF << 23))) {
      // single precision NaN
      mantissa = (1 << 23) - 1;
    } else {
      // half-float will be Inf
      mantissa = 0;
    }
    hf = (((uint16_t)sign) << 15) | (uint16_t)((0x1F << 10)) |
         (uint16_t)(mantissa >> 13);
  }
  // check if exponent is <= -15
  else if (exp <= 0x38000000) {
    hf = 0;  // too small to be represented
  } else {
    hf = (((uint16_t)sign) << 15) | (uint16_t)((exp - 0x38000000) >> 13) |
         (uint16_t)(mantissa >> 13);
  }

  return hf;
}

for each position p in Mesh:
   p -= center_of_bounding_box // Moves Mesh back to the center of model space
   p /= half_size_bounding_box // Fits the mesh into a [-1, 1] cube
   vec3<float16> result = vec3(f32_to_f16(p.x), f32_to_f16(p.y), f32_to_f16(p.z));

vec3 in in_pos;

void main() {
   ...
   // bounding box data packed into uniform buffer
   vec3 decompress_pos = in_pos * half_size_bounding_box + center_of_bounding_box;
   gl_Position = proj * view * model * decompress_pos;
}

const int BITS = 16

for each position p in Mesh:
   p -= center_of_bounding_box // Moves Mesh back to the center of model space
   p /= half_size_bounding_box // Fits the mesh into a [-1, 1] cube
   // float to integer value conversion
   p = clamp(p * (2^(BITS - 1) - 1), -2^(BITS - 1), 2^(BITS - 1) - 1) 

const int BITS = 16

quaternion tangent_space_to_quat(vec3 normal, vec3 tangent, vec3 bitangent) {
   mat3 tbn = {normal, tangent, bitangent};
   quaternion qTangent(tbn);
   qTangent.normalize();

   //Make sure QTangent is always positive
   if (qTangent.w < 0)
       qTangent = -qTangent;

   const float bias = 1.0 / (2^(BITS - 1) - 1);

   //Because '-0' sign information is lost when using integers,
   //we need to apply a "bias"; while making sure the Quaternion
   //stays normalized.
   // ** Also our shaders assume qTangent.w is never 0. **
   if (qTangent.w < bias) {
       Real normFactor = Math::Sqrt( 1 - bias * bias );
       qTangent.w = bias;
       qTangent.x *= normFactor;
       qTangent.y *= normFactor;
       qTangent.z *= normFactor;
   }

   //If it's reflected, then make sure .w is negative.
   vec3 naturalBinormal = cross_product(tangent, normal);
   if (dot_product(naturalBinormal, binormal) <= 0)
       qTangent = -qTangent;
   return qTangent;
}

for each vertex v in mesh:
   quaternion res = tangent_space_to_quat(v.normal, v.tangent, v.bitangent);
   // Once we have the quaternion we can compress it
   res = clamp(res * (2^(BITS - 1) - 1), -2^(BITS - 1), 2^(BITS - 1) - 1);

vec3 xAxis( vec4 qQuat )
{
  float fTy  = 2.0 * qQuat.y;
  float fTz  = 2.0 * qQuat.z;
  float fTwy = fTy * qQuat.w;
  float fTwz = fTz * qQuat.w;
  float fTxy = fTy * qQuat.x;
  float fTxz = fTz * qQuat.x;
  float fTyy = fTy * qQuat.y;
  float fTzz = fTz * qQuat.z;

  return vec3( 1.0-(fTyy+fTzz), fTxy+fTwz, fTxz-fTwy );
}

vec3 yAxis( vec4 qQuat )
{
  float fTx  = 2.0 * qQuat.x;
  float fTy  = 2.0 * qQuat.y;
  float fTz  = 2.0 * qQuat.z;
  float fTwx = fTx * qQuat.w;
  float fTwz = fTz * qQuat.w;
  float fTxx = fTx * qQuat.x;
  float fTxy = fTy * qQuat.x;
  float fTyz = fTz * qQuat.y;
  float fTzz = fTz * qQuat.z;

  return vec3( fTxy-fTwz, 1.0-(fTxx+fTzz), fTyz+fTwx );
}

void main() {
  vec4 qtangent = normalize(in_qtangent); //Needed because 16-bit quantization
  vec3 normal = xAxis(qtangent);
  vec3 tangent = yAxis(qtangent);
  float biNormalReflection = sign(in_qtangent.w); //ensured qtangent.w != 0
  vec3 binormal = cross(normal, tangent) * biNormalReflection;
  ...
}

const int BITS = 8

// Assumes the vector is unit length
// sign() function should return positive for 0
for each normal n in mesh:
  float invL1Norm = 1.0 / (abs(n.x) + abs(n.y) + abs(n.z));
  vec2 res;
  if (n.z < 0.0) {
    res.x = (1.0 - abs(n.y * invL1Norm)) * sign(n.x);
    res.y = (1.0 - abs(n.x * invL1Norm)) * sign(n.y);
  } else {
    res.x = n.x * invL1Norm;
    res.y = n.y * invL1Norm;
  }
  res = clamp(res * (2^(BITS - 1) - 1), -2^(BITS - 1), 2^(BITS - 1) - 1)

//Additional Optimization: twitter.com/Stubbesaurus/status/937994790553227264
vec3 oct_to_vec(vec2 e):
  vec3 v = vec3(e.xy, 1.0 - abs(e.x) - abs(e.y));
  float t = max(-v.z, 0.0);
  v.xy += t * -sign(v.xy);
  return v;

const int BITS = 8
const float bias = 1.0 / (2^(BITS - 1) - 1)

// Compressing
for each normal n in mesh:
  //encode to octahedron, result in range [-1, 1]
  vec2 res = vec_to_oct(n);

  // map y to always be positive
  res.y = res.y * 0.5 + 0.5;

  // add a bias so that y is never 0 (sign in the vertex shader)
  if (res.y < bias)
    res.y = bias;

  // Apply the sign of the binormal to y, which was computed elsewhere
  if (binormal_sign < 0)
    res.y *= -1;

  res = clamp(res * (2^(BITS - 1) - 1), -2^(BITS - 1), 2^(BITS - 1) - 1)

// Vertex shader decompression
vec2 encode = vec2(tangent_encoded.x, abs(tangent_encoded.y) * 2.0 - 1.0));
vec3 tangent_real = oct_to_vec3(encode);
float binormal_sign = sign(tangent_encode.y);

const int BITS = 16

for each vertex_uv V in mesh:
  V *= clamp(2^BITS - 1, 0, 2^BITS - 1);  // float to integer value conversion

Before:
|Position1/Normal1/Tangent1/UV1/Position2/Normal2/Tangent2/UV2......|

After:
|Position1/Position2...|Normal1/Tangent1/UV1/Normal2/Tangent2/UV2...|