对话框

尝试 Compose 方法
Jetpack Compose 是 Android 推荐的 UI 工具包。了解如何在 Compose 中添加组件。

对话框是一个小窗口,提示用户做出决定或输入其他信息。对话框不会填充整个屏幕,通常用于需要用户在继续操作之前采取操作的模态事件。

An image showing a basic dialog
图 1. 基本对话框。

The Dialog 类是对话框的基类,但不要直接实例化 Dialog。而是使用以下子类之一

AlertDialog
一个对话框,可以显示标题、最多三个按钮、一个可选择项列表或自定义布局。
DatePickerDialogTimePickerDialog
一个具有预定义 UI 的对话框,允许用户选择日期或时间。

这些类定义了对话框的样式和结构。您还需要一个 DialogFragment 作为对话框的容器。The DialogFragment 类提供了创建对话框并管理其外观所需的所有控件,而不是调用 Dialog 对象上的方法。

使用 DialogFragment 管理对话框可以使其正确处理生命周期事件,例如用户点击后退按钮或旋转屏幕时。The DialogFragment 类还允许您将对话框的 UI 作为可嵌入组件重用于更大的 UI 中——就像传统的 Fragment 一样——例如当您希望对话框 UI 在大屏幕和小屏幕上显示不同时。

本文档中的以下部分描述了如何将 DialogFragmentAlertDialog 对象结合使用。如果您想创建一个日期或时间选择器,请阅读向您的应用添加选择器

创建对话框片段

您可以实现各种对话框设计——包括自定义布局和Material Design 对话框中描述的设计——通过扩展 DialogFragment 并在 onCreateDialog() 回调方法中创建一个 AlertDialog

例如,这是一个由 DialogFragment 管理的基本 AlertDialog

Kotlin

class StartGameDialogFragment : DialogFragment() {
    override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle?): Dialog {
        return activity?.let {
            // Use the Builder class for convenient dialog construction.
            val builder = AlertDialog.Builder(it)
            builder.setMessage("Start game")
                .setPositiveButton("Start") { dialog, id ->
                    // START THE GAME!
                }
                .setNegativeButton("Cancel") { dialog, id ->
                    // User cancelled the dialog.
                }
            // Create the AlertDialog object and return it.
            builder.create()
        } ?: throw IllegalStateException("Activity cannot be null")
    }
}

class OldXmlActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_old_xml)

        StartGameDialogFragment().show(supportFragmentManager, "GAME_DIALOG")
    }
}

Java

public class StartGameDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Use the Builder class for convenient dialog construction.
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setMessage(R.string.dialog_start_game)
               .setPositiveButton(R.string.start, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                       // START THE GAME!
                   }
               })
               .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                       // User cancels the dialog.
                   }
               });
        // Create the AlertDialog object and return it.
        return builder.create();
    }
}
// ...

StartGameDialogFragment().show(supportFragmentManager, "GAME_DIALOG");

当您创建此类的实例并调用该对象上的 show() 时,对话框将显示如下所示。

An image showing a basic dialog with two action buttons
图 2. 带有消息和两个操作按钮的对话框。

下一节将详细介绍如何使用 AlertDialog.Builder API 创建对话框。

根据对话框的复杂程度,您可以在 DialogFragment 中实现各种其他回调方法,包括所有基本片段生命周期方法

构建警报对话框

The AlertDialog 类允许您构建各种对话框设计,并且通常是您唯一需要的对话框类。如下图所示,警报对话框有三个区域

  • 标题:这是可选的,仅在内容区域被详细消息、列表或自定义布局占用时使用。如果您需要陈述简单的消息或问题,则不需要标题。
  • 内容区域:可以显示消息、列表或其他自定义布局。
  • 操作按钮:对话框中最多可以有三个操作按钮。

The AlertDialog.Builder 类提供 API,允许您使用这些类型的内容创建 AlertDialog,包括自定义布局。

要构建 AlertDialog,请执行以下操作

Kotlin

val builder: AlertDialog.Builder = AlertDialog.Builder(context)
builder
    .setMessage("I am the message")
    .setTitle("I am the title")

val dialog: AlertDialog = builder.create()
dialog.show()

Java

// 1. Instantiate an AlertDialog.Builder with its constructor.
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());

// 2. Chain together various setter methods to set the dialog characteristics.
builder.setMessage(R.string.dialog_message)
       .setTitle(R.string.dialog_title);

// 3. Get the AlertDialog.
AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();

前面的代码片段生成此对话框

An image showing a dialog with title, content area and two action buttons.
图 3. 基本警报对话框的布局。

添加按钮

要添加如图 2 中所示的操作按钮,请调用 setPositiveButton()setNegativeButton() 方法

Kotlin

val builder: AlertDialog.Builder = AlertDialog.Builder(context)
builder
    .setMessage("I am the message")
    .setTitle("I am the title")
    .setPositiveButton("Positive") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something.
    }
    .setNegativeButton("Negative") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something else.
    }

val dialog: AlertDialog = builder.create()
dialog.show()

Java

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
// Add the buttons.
builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
           public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
               // User taps OK button.
           }
       });
builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
           public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
               // User cancels the dialog.
           }
       });
// Set other dialog properties.
...

// Create the AlertDialog.
AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();

The set...Button() 方法需要按钮的标题——由字符串资源提供——以及一个 DialogInterface.OnClickListener,该方法定义了用户点击按钮时要执行的操作。

您可以添加三个操作按钮

  • 肯定:使用此按钮接受并继续执行操作(“确定”操作)。
  • 否定:使用此按钮取消操作。

  • 中性按钮:当用户可能不希望继续执行操作但也不一定想取消时,使用此按钮。它显示在肯定和否定按钮之间。例如,操作可能是“稍后提醒我”。

AlertDialog 中,每种类型的按钮只能添加一个。例如,您不能拥有多个“肯定”按钮。

前面的代码片段会为您提供如下所示的对话框

An image showing an alert dialog with title, message, and two action buttons.
图 4. 带有标题、消息和两个操作按钮的对话框。

添加列表

AlertDialog API 提供三种类型的列表。

  • 传统的单选列表。
  • 持久单选列表(单选按钮)。
  • 持久多选列表(复选框)。

要创建如图 5 所示的单选列表,请使用 setItems() 方法。


Kotlin

val builder: AlertDialog.Builder = AlertDialog.Builder(context)
builder
    .setTitle("I am the title")
    .setPositiveButton("Positive") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something.
    }
    .setNegativeButton("Negative") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something else.
    }
    .setItems(arrayOf("Item One", "Item Two", "Item Three")) { dialog, which ->
        // Do something on item tapped.
    }

val dialog: AlertDialog = builder.create()
dialog.show()

Java

@Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
    builder.setTitle(R.string.pick_color)
           .setItems(R.array.colors_array, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
               public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
               // The 'which' argument contains the index position of the selected item.
           }
    });
    return builder.create();
}

此代码片段会生成如下所示的对话框

An image showing a dialog with a title and list.
图 5. 带有标题和列表的对话框。

由于列表显示在对话框的内容区域中,因此对话框不能同时显示消息和列表。使用 setTitle() 为对话框设置标题。要指定列表中的项目,请调用 setItems() 并传递一个数组。或者,您可以使用 setAdapter() 指定列表。这使您可以使用 ListAdapter 将列表与动态数据(例如来自数据库的数据)关联。

如果使用 ListAdapter 作为列表的后台,请始终使用 Loader,以便异步加载内容。这在 使用适配器构建布局加载器 中有更详细的描述。

添加持久多选或单选列表

要添加多选项目(复选框)或单选项目(单选按钮)的列表,请分别使用 setMultiChoiceItems()setSingleChoiceItems() 方法。

例如,以下是如何创建如图 6 所示的多选列表,该列表将选定的项目保存在 ArrayList 中。

Kotlin

val builder: AlertDialog.Builder = AlertDialog.Builder(context)
builder
    .setTitle("I am the title")
    .setPositiveButton("Positive") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something.
    }
    .setNegativeButton("Negative") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something else.
    }
    .setMultiChoiceItems(
        arrayOf("Item One", "Item Two", "Item Three"), null) { dialog, which, isChecked ->
        // Do something.
    }

val dialog: AlertDialog = builder.create()
dialog.show()

Java

@Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    selectedItems = new ArrayList();  // Where we track the selected items
    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
    // Set the dialog title.
    builder.setTitle(R.string.pick_toppings)
    // Specify the list array, the items to be selected by default (null for
    // none), and the listener through which to receive callbacks when items
    // are selected.
           .setMultiChoiceItems(R.array.toppings, null,
                      new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
               @Override
               public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which,
                       boolean isChecked) {
                   if (isChecked) {
                       // If the user checks the item, add it to the selected
                       // items.
                       selectedItems.add(which);
                   } else if (selectedItems.contains(which)) {
                       // If the item is already in the array, remove it.
                       selectedItems.remove(which);
                   }
               }
           })
    // Set the action buttons
           .setPositiveButton(R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
               @Override
               public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                   // User taps OK, so save the selectedItems results
                   // somewhere or return them to the component that opens the
                   // dialog.
                   ...
               }
           })
           .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
               @Override
               public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                   ...
               }
           });

    return builder.create();
}
An image showing a dialog containing a list of multiple-choice items.
图 6. 多选项目列表。

可以这样获得单选对话框

Kotlin

val builder: AlertDialog.Builder = AlertDialog.Builder(context)
builder
    .setTitle("I am the title")
    .setPositiveButton("Positive") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something.
    }
    .setNegativeButton("Negative") { dialog, which ->
        // Do something else.
    }
    .setSingleChoiceItems(
        arrayOf("Item One", "Item Two", "Item Three"), 0
    ) { dialog, which ->
        // Do something.
    }

val dialog: AlertDialog = builder.create()
dialog.show()

Java

        String[] choices = {"Item One", "Item Two", "Item Three"};
        
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = AlertDialog.Builder(context);
        builder
                .setTitle("I am the title")
                .setPositiveButton("Positive", (dialog, which) -> {

                })
                .setNegativeButton("Negative", (dialog, which) -> {

                })
                .setSingleChoiceItems(choices, 0, (dialog, which) -> {

                });

        AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();
        dialog.show();

这将导致以下示例

An image showing a dialog containing a list of single-choice items.
图 7. 单选项目列表。

创建自定义布局

如果希望在对话框中使用自定义布局,请创建一个布局并通过在 AlertDialog.Builder 对象上调用 setView() 将其添加到 AlertDialog 中。

An image showing a custom dialog layout.
图 8. 自定义对话框布局。

默认情况下,自定义布局会填充对话框窗口,但您仍然可以使用 AlertDialog.Builder 方法添加按钮和标题。

例如,以下是前面自定义对话框布局的布局文件

res/layout/dialog_signin.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <ImageView
        android:src="@drawable/header_logo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="64dp"
        android:scaleType="center"
        android:background="#FFFFBB33"
        android:contentDescription="@string/app_name" />
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/username"
        android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="4dp"
        android:hint="@string/username" />
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/password"
        android:inputType="textPassword"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:fontFamily="sans-serif"
        android:hint="@string/password"/>
</LinearLayout>

要在 DialogFragment 中加载布局,请使用 getLayoutInflater() 获取 LayoutInflater 并调用 inflate()。第一个参数是布局资源 ID,第二个参数是布局的父视图。然后,您可以调用 setView() 将布局放置在对话框中。以下示例中对此进行了演示。

Kotlin

override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle?): Dialog {
    return activity?.let {
        val builder = AlertDialog.Builder(it)
        // Get the layout inflater.
        val inflater = requireActivity().layoutInflater;

        // Inflate and set the layout for the dialog.
        // Pass null as the parent view because it's going in the dialog
        // layout.
        builder.setView(inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_signin, null))
                // Add action buttons.
                .setPositiveButton(R.string.signin,
                        DialogInterface.OnClickListener { dialog, id ->
                            // Sign in the user.
                        })
                .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel,
                        DialogInterface.OnClickListener { dialog, id ->
                            getDialog().cancel()
                        })
        builder.create()
    } ?: throw IllegalStateException("Activity cannot be null")
}

Java

@Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
    // Get the layout inflater.
    LayoutInflater inflater = requireActivity().getLayoutInflater();

    // Inflate and set the layout for the dialog.
    // Pass null as the parent view because it's going in the dialog layout.
    builder.setView(inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_signin, null))
    // Add action buttons
           .setPositiveButton(R.string.signin, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
               @Override
               public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                   // Sign in the user.
               }
           })
           .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
               public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                   LoginDialogFragment.this.getDialog().cancel();
               }
           });
    return builder.create();
}

如果希望使用自定义对话框,则可以将 Activity 作为对话框显示,而不是使用 Dialog API。创建一个 Activity,并在 <activity> 清单元素中将其主题设置为 Theme.Holo.Dialog

<activity android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo.Dialog" >

现在,Activity 将显示在对话框窗口中,而不是全屏显示。

将事件传递回对话框的主机

当用户点击对话框的操作按钮之一或从其列表中选择一个项目时,您的 DialogFragment 可能会自行执行必要的操作,但通常您希望将事件传递到打开对话框的 Activity 或 Fragment。为此,请定义一个接口,其中包含每个类型点击事件的方法。然后,在接收来自对话框的操作事件的主机组件中实现该接口。

例如,这是一个 DialogFragment,它定义了一个接口,通过该接口将事件传递回主机 Activity

Kotlin

class NoticeDialogFragment : DialogFragment() {
    // Use this instance of the interface to deliver action events.
    internal lateinit var listener: NoticeDialogListener

    // The activity that creates an instance of this dialog fragment must
    // implement this interface to receive event callbacks. Each method passes
    // the DialogFragment in case the host needs to query it.
    interface NoticeDialogListener {
        fun onDialogPositiveClick(dialog: DialogFragment)
        fun onDialogNegativeClick(dialog: DialogFragment)
    }

    // Override the Fragment.onAttach() method to instantiate the
    // NoticeDialogListener.
    override fun onAttach(context: Context) {
        super.onAttach(context)
        // Verify that the host activity implements the callback interface.
        try {
            // Instantiate the NoticeDialogListener so you can send events to
            // the host.
            listener = context as NoticeDialogListener
        } catch (e: ClassCastException) {
            // The activity doesn't implement the interface. Throw exception.
            throw ClassCastException((context.toString() +
                    " must implement NoticeDialogListener"))
        }
    }
}

Java

public class NoticeDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    // The activity that creates an instance of this dialog fragment must
    // implement this interface to receive event callbacks. Each method passes
    // the DialogFragment in case the host needs to query it.
    public interface NoticeDialogListener {
        public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog);
        public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog);
    }

    // Use this instance of the interface to deliver action events.
    NoticeDialogListener listener;

    // Override the Fragment.onAttach() method to instantiate the
    // NoticeDialogListener.
    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);
        // Verify that the host activity implements the callback interface.
        try {
            // Instantiate the NoticeDialogListener so you can send events to
            // the host.
            listener = (NoticeDialogListener) context;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            // The activity doesn't implement the interface. Throw exception.
            throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
                    + " must implement NoticeDialogListener");
        }
    }
    ...
}

托管对话框的 Activity 使用对话框片段的构造函数创建对话框的实例,并通过 NoticeDialogListener 接口的实现接收对话框的事件

Kotlin

class MainActivity : FragmentActivity(),
        NoticeDialogFragment.NoticeDialogListener {

    fun showNoticeDialog() {
        // Create an instance of the dialog fragment and show it.
        val dialog = NoticeDialogFragment()
        dialog.show(supportFragmentManager, "NoticeDialogFragment")
    }

    // The dialog fragment receives a reference to this Activity through the
    // Fragment.onAttach() callback, which it uses to call the following
    // methods defined by the NoticeDialogFragment.NoticeDialogListener
    // interface.
    override fun onDialogPositiveClick(dialog: DialogFragment) {
        // User taps the dialog's positive button.
    }

    override fun onDialogNegativeClick(dialog: DialogFragment) {
        // User taps the dialog's negative button.
    }
}

Java

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity
                          implements NoticeDialogFragment.NoticeDialogListener{
    ...
    public void showNoticeDialog() {
        // Create an instance of the dialog fragment and show it.
        DialogFragment dialog = new NoticeDialogFragment();
        dialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "NoticeDialogFragment");
    }

    // The dialog fragment receives a reference to this Activity through the
    // Fragment.onAttach() callback, which it uses to call the following
    // methods defined by the NoticeDialogFragment.NoticeDialogListener
    // interface.
    @Override
    public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog) {
        // User taps the dialog's positive button.
        ...
    }

    @Override
    public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog) {
        // User taps the dialog's negative button.
        ...
    }
}

由于主机 Activity 实现 NoticeDialogListener(由前面示例中显示的 onAttach() 回调方法强制执行),因此对话框片段可以使用接口回调方法将点击事件传递到 Activity

Kotlin

    override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle): Dialog {
        return activity?.let {
            // Build the dialog and set up the button click handlers.
            val builder = AlertDialog.Builder(it)

            builder.setMessage(R.string.dialog_start_game)
                    .setPositiveButton(R.string.start,
                            DialogInterface.OnClickListener { dialog, id ->
                                // Send the positive button event back to the
                                // host activity.
                                listener.onDialogPositiveClick(this)
                            })
                    .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel,
                            DialogInterface.OnClickListener { dialog, id ->
                                // Send the negative button event back to the
                                // host activity.
                                listener.onDialogNegativeClick(this)
                            })

            builder.create()
        } ?: throw IllegalStateException("Activity cannot be null")
    }

Java

public class NoticeDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {
    ...
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Build the dialog and set up the button click handlers.
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setMessage(R.string.dialog_start_game)
               .setPositiveButton(R.string.start, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                       // Send the positive button event back to the host activity.
                       listener.onDialogPositiveClick(NoticeDialogFragment.this);
                   }
               })
               .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                       // Send the negative button event back to the host activity.
                       listener.onDialogNegativeClick(NoticeDialogFragment.this);
                   }
               });
        return builder.create();
    }
}

显示对话框

当您要显示对话框时,请创建 DialogFragment 的实例,并调用 show(),并将 FragmentManager 和对话框片段的标签名称传递给它。

您可以通过从 FragmentActivity 调用 getSupportFragmentManager() 或从 Fragment 调用 getParentFragmentManager() 来获取 FragmentManager。请参阅以下示例

Kotlin

fun confirmStartGame() {
    val newFragment = StartGameDialogFragment()
    newFragment.show(supportFragmentManager, "game")
}

Java

public void confirmStartGame() {
    DialogFragment newFragment = new StartGameDialogFragment();
    newFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "game");
}

第二个参数 "game" 是一个唯一的标签名称,系统在必要时使用它来保存和恢复片段状态。该标签还允许您通过调用 findFragmentByTag() 获取片段的句柄。

以全屏或嵌入式片段的形式显示对话框

您可能希望在某些情况下将 UI 设计的一部分显示为对话框,而在其他情况下则显示为全屏或嵌入式片段。您可能还希望它根据设备的屏幕尺寸显示不同的外观。DialogFragment 类提供了实现此目的的灵活性,因为它可以充当可嵌入的 Fragment

但是,在这种情况下,您不能使用 AlertDialog.Builder 或其他 Dialog 对象来构建对话框。如果希望 DialogFragment 可嵌入,请在布局中定义对话框的 UI,然后在 onCreateView() 回调中加载布局。

以下是一个 DialogFragment 示例,它可以使用名为 purchase_items.xml 的布局显示为对话框或可嵌入片段

Kotlin

class CustomDialogFragment : DialogFragment() {

    // The system calls this to get the DialogFragment's layout, regardless of
    // whether it's being displayed as a dialog or an embedded fragment.
    override fun onCreateView(
            inflater: LayoutInflater,
            container: ViewGroup?,
            savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View {
        // Inflate the layout to use as a dialog or embedded fragment.
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.purchase_items, container, false)
    }

    // The system calls this only when creating the layout in a dialog.
    override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle): Dialog {
        // The only reason you might override this method when using
        // onCreateView() is to modify the dialog characteristics. For example,
        // the dialog includes a title by default, but your custom layout might
        // not need it. Here, you can remove the dialog title, but you must
        // call the superclass to get the Dialog.
        val dialog = super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState)
        dialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE)
        return dialog
    }
}

Java

public class CustomDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {
    // The system calls this to get the DialogFragment's layout, regardless of
    // whether it's being displayed as a dialog or an embedded fragment.
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout to use as a dialog or embedded fragment.
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.purchase_items, container, false);
    }

    // The system calls this only when creating the layout in a dialog.
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // The only reason you might override this method when using
        // onCreateView() is to modify the dialog characteristics. For example,
        // the dialog includes a title by default, but your custom layout might
        // not need it. Here, you can remove the dialog title, but you must
        // call the superclass to get the Dialog.
        Dialog dialog = super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);
        dialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        return dialog;
    }
}

以下示例根据屏幕尺寸确定是将片段显示为对话框还是全屏 UI

Kotlin

fun showDialog() {
    val fragmentManager = supportFragmentManager
    val newFragment = CustomDialogFragment()
    if (isLargeLayout) {
        // The device is using a large layout, so show the fragment as a
        // dialog.
        newFragment.show(fragmentManager, "dialog")
    } else {
        // The device is smaller, so show the fragment fullscreen.
        val transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
        // For a polished look, specify a transition animation.
        transaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN)
        // To make it fullscreen, use the 'content' root view as the container
        // for the fragment, which is always the root view for the activity.
        transaction
                .add(android.R.id.content, newFragment)
                .addToBackStack(null)
                .commit()
    }
}

Java

public void showDialog() {
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    CustomDialogFragment newFragment = new CustomDialogFragment();

    if (isLargeLayout) {
        // The device is using a large layout, so show the fragment as a
        // dialog.
        newFragment.show(fragmentManager, "dialog");
    } else {
        // The device is smaller, so show the fragment fullscreen.
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        // For a polished look, specify a transition animation.
        transaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN);
        // To make it fullscreen, use the 'content' root view as the container
        // for the fragment, which is always the root view for the activity.
        transaction.add(android.R.id.content, newFragment)
                   .addToBackStack(null).commit();
    }
}

有关执行片段事务的更多信息,请参阅 片段

在此示例中,mIsLargeLayout 布尔值指定当前设备是否必须使用应用的大型布局设计,并因此将此片段显示为对话框而不是全屏显示。设置此类布尔值的最佳方法是使用 bool 资源值 和针对不同屏幕尺寸的 备用资源 值声明一个 bool 资源值。例如,以下是针对不同屏幕尺寸的两个 bool 资源版本

res/values/bools.xml

<!-- Default boolean values -->
<resources>
    <bool name="large_layout">false</bool>
</resources>

res/values-large/bools.xml

<!-- Large screen boolean values -->
<resources>
    <bool name="large_layout">true</bool>
</resources>

然后,您可以在 Activity 的 onCreate() 方法期间初始化 mIsLargeLayout 值,如下例所示

Kotlin

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

    isLargeLayout = resources.getBoolean(R.bool.large_layout)
}

Java

boolean isLargeLayout;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    isLargeLayout = getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.large_layout);
}

在大屏幕上将 Activity 显示为对话框

您可以通过在大屏幕上将 Activity 显示为对话框来获得相同的结果,而不是在小屏幕上将对话框显示为全屏 UI。您选择的方法取决于您的应用设计,但当您的应用设计用于小屏幕并且您希望通过将短暂 Activity 显示为对话框来改善平板电脑上的体验时,将 Activity 显示为对话框通常很有用。

要仅在大屏幕上将 Activity 显示为对话框,请将 Theme.Holo.DialogWhenLarge 主题应用于 <activity> 清单元素

<activity android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo.DialogWhenLarge" >

有关使用主题设置 Activity 样式的更多信息,请参阅 样式和主题

关闭对话框

当用户点击使用 AlertDialog.Builder 创建的操作按钮时,系统会为您关闭对话框。

当用户点击对话框列表中的项目时,系统也会关闭对话框,除非列表使用单选按钮或复选框。否则,您可以通过在 DialogFragment 上调用 dismiss() 手动关闭对话框。

如果需要在对话框消失时执行某些操作,可以在 DialogFragment 中实现 onDismiss() 方法。

您也可以取消对话框。这是一个特殊事件,表示用户在未完成任务的情况下离开对话框。如果用户点击“返回”按钮或点击对话框区域外部的屏幕,或者如果在 cancel() 上显式调用 Dialog(例如,响应对话框中的“取消”按钮),则会发生这种情况。

如前面的示例所示,您可以通过在 DialogFragment 类中实现 onCancel() 来响应取消事件。