使用 ViewPager 创建带有标签的滑动视图

滑动视图 允许您使用水平手指手势（滑动）在兄弟屏幕（例如标签）之间导航。这种导航模式也称为水平分页。本文档介绍了如何为标签切换创建带有滑动视图的标签布局，以及如何显示标题栏而不是标签。

实现滑动视图

您可以使用 AndroidX 的 ViewPager 小部件创建滑动视图。要使用 ViewPager 和标签，请在您的项目中添加对 Viewpager 和 Material Components 的依赖项。

要使用 ViewPager 设置您的布局，请将 <ViewPager> 元素添加到您的 XML 布局中。例如，如果滑动视图中的每个页面都需要占用整个布局，那么您的布局将如下所示

<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/pager"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

要插入代表每个页面的子视图，请将此布局连接到 PagerAdapter。您可以选择两种内置适配器

FragmentPagerAdapter：在导航少量固定数量的兄弟屏幕之间时使用此适配器。
FragmentStatePagerAdapter：在分页未知数量的页面时使用此适配器。 FragmentStatePagerAdapter 通过在用户导航离开时销毁片段来优化内存使用。

以下是如何使用 FragmentStatePagerAdapter 在 Fragment 对象集合之间滑动的示例

Kotlin

class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() {
    // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment, representing
    // an object in the collection.
    private lateinit var demoCollectionPagerAdapter: DemoCollectionPagerAdapter
    private lateinit var viewPager: ViewPager

    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater,
            container: ViewGroup?,
            savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
       return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false)
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        demoCollectionPagerAdapter = DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(childFragmentManager)
        viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager)
        viewPager.adapter = demoCollectionPagerAdapter
    }
}

// Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter, not a
// FragmentPagerAdapter.
class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) {

    override fun getCount(): Int  = 100

    override fun getItem(i: Int): Fragment {
        val fragment = DemoObjectFragment()
        fragment.arguments = Bundle().apply {
            // Our object is just an integer :-P
            putInt(ARG_OBJECT, i + 1)
        }
        return fragment
    }

    override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence {
        return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}"
    }
}

private const val ARG_OBJECT = "object"

// Instances of this class are fragments representing a single object in your
// collection.
class DemoObjectFragment : Fragment() {

   override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater,
           container: ViewGroup?,
           savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {
       return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false)
   }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        arguments?.takeIf { it.containsKey(ARG_OBJECT) }?.apply {
            val textView: TextView = view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1)
            textView.text = getInt(ARG_OBJECT).toString()
        }
    }
}

Java

public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment {
    // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment, representing
    // an object in the collection.
    DemoCollectionPagerAdapter demoCollectionPagerAdapter;
    ViewPager viewPager;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
            @Nullable ViewGroup container,
            @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        demoCollectionPagerAdapter = new DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(getChildFragmentManager());
        viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager);
        viewPager.setAdapter(demoCollectionPagerAdapter);
   }
}

// Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter, not a
// FragmentPagerAdapter.
public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    public DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int i) {
        Fragment fragment = new DemoObjectFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        // Our object is just an integer.
        args.putInt(DemoObjectFragment.ARG_OBJECT, i + 1);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return 100;
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return "OBJECT " + (position + 1);
    }
}

// Instances of this class are fragments representing a single object in your
// collection.
public class DemoObjectFragment extends Fragment {
    public static final String ARG_OBJECT = "object";

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
            ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
       return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Bundle args = getArguments();
        ((TextView) view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1))
                .setText(Integer.toString(args.getInt(ARG_OBJECT)));
    }
}

下一节将介绍如何添加标签以方便在页面之间导航。

使用 TabLayout 添加标签

TabLayout 提供了一种水平显示标签的方法。当与 ViewPager 一起使用时， TabLayout 为在滑动视图中导航页面提供了熟悉的界面。

图 1. 带有四个标签的 TabLayout。

要在 ViewPager 中包含 TabLayout，请在 <ViewPager> 元素内添加 <TabLayout> 元素，如以下示例所示

<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/pager"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayout
        android:id="@+id/tab_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager>

使用 setupWithViewPager() 将 TabLayout 与 ViewPager 链接，如以下示例所示。 TabLayout 中的各个选项卡将自动使用来自 PagerAdapter 的页面标题进行填充。

Kotlin

class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() {
    ...
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        val tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout)
        tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager)
    }
    ...
}

class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) {

    override fun getCount(): Int  = 4

    override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence {
        return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}"
    }
    ...
}

Java

public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment {
    ...
    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        TabLayout tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout);
        tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager);
    }
    ...
}

public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    ...
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return 4;
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return "OBJECT " + (position + 1);
    }

    ...
}

有关选项卡布局的更多设计指南，请参阅选项卡的 Material Design 文档。