在某些情况下,您可能需要提供自定义的线程策略。例如,您可能需要处理基于回调的异步操作。WorkManager 使用 ListenableWorker
支持此用例。ListenableWorker
是最基本的 Worker API;Worker
、CoroutineWorker
和 RxWorker
都派生自此类。ListenableWorker
仅在工作应开始和停止时发出信号,并将线程完全留给您处理。开始工作信号在主线程上调用,因此,手动切换到您选择的后台线程非常重要。
抽象方法 ListenableWorker.startWork()
返回 Result
的 ListenableFuture
。ListenableFuture
是一个轻量级接口:它是一个提供附加侦听器和传播异常功能的 Future
。在 startWork
方法中,您需要返回一个 ListenableFuture
,操作完成后,您将使用操作的 Result
设置该 ListenableFuture
。您可以通过以下两种方式之一创建 ListenableFuture
实例
- 如果您使用 Guava,请使用
ListeningExecutorService
。 - 否则,在您的 gradle 文件中包含
councurrent-futures
并使用CallbackToFutureAdapter
。
如果您想根据异步回调执行某些工作,您将执行以下操作
Kotlin
class CallbackWorker( context: Context, params: WorkerParameters ) : ListenableWorker(context, params) { override fun startWork(): ListenableFuture<Result> { return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture { completer -> val callback = object : Callback { var successes = 0 override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) { completer.setException(e) } override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) { successes++ if (successes == 100) { completer.set(Result.success()) } } } repeat(100) { downloadAsynchronously("https://example.com", callback) } callback } } }
Java
public class CallbackWorker extends ListenableWorker { public CallbackWorker(Context context, WorkerParameters params) { super(context, params); } @NonNull @Override public ListenableFuture<Result> startWork() { return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture(completer -> { Callback callback = new Callback() { int successes = 0; @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { completer.setException(e); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) { successes++; if (successes == 100) { completer.set(Result.success()); } } }; for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { downloadAsynchronously("https://www.example.com", callback); } return callback; }); } }
如果您的工作 停止 会发生什么?当预期工作停止时,ListenableWorker
的 ListenableFuture
始终会被取消。使用 CallbackToFutureAdapter
,您只需添加一个取消侦听器,如下所示
Kotlin
class CallbackWorker( context: Context, params: WorkerParameters ) : ListenableWorker(context, params) { override fun startWork(): ListenableFuture<Result> { return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture { completer -> val callback = object : Callback { var successes = 0 override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) { completer.setException(e) } override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) { ++successes if (successes == 100) { completer.set(Result.success()) } } } completer.addCancellationListener(cancelDownloadsRunnable, executor) repeat(100) { downloadAsynchronously("https://example.com", callback) } callback } } }
Java
public class CallbackWorker extends ListenableWorker { public CallbackWorker(Context context, WorkerParameters params) { super(context, params); } @NonNull @Override public ListenableFuture<Result> startWork() { return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture(completer -> { Callback callback = new Callback() { int successes = 0; @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { completer.setException(e); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) { ++successes; if (successes == 100) { completer.set(Result.success()); } } }; completer.addCancellationListener(cancelDownloadsRunnable, executor); for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { downloadAsynchronously("https://www.example.com", callback); } return callback; }); } }
在不同的进程中运行 ListenableWorker
您还可以通过使用 RemoteListenableWorker
(ListenableWorker
的实现)将 Worker 绑定到特定进程。
RemoteListenableWorker
使用构建工作请求时作为输入数据的一部分提供的两个额外参数绑定到特定进程:ARGUMENT_CLASS_NAME
和 ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME
。
以下示例演示了构建绑定到特定进程的工作请求
Kotlin
val PACKAGE_NAME = "com.example.background.multiprocess" val serviceName = RemoteWorkerService::class.java.name val componentName = ComponentName(PACKAGE_NAME, serviceName) val data: Data = Data.Builder() .putString(ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME, componentName.packageName) .putString(ARGUMENT_CLASS_NAME, componentName.className) .build() return OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(ExampleRemoteListenableWorker::class.java) .setInputData(data) .build()
Java
String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.example.background.multiprocess"; String serviceName = RemoteWorkerService.class.getName(); ComponentName componentName = new ComponentName(PACKAGE_NAME, serviceName); Data data = new Data.Builder() .putString(ARGUMENT_PACKAGE_NAME, componentName.getPackageName()) .putString(ARGUMENT_CLASS_NAME, componentName.getClassName()) .build(); return new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(ExampleRemoteListenableWorker.class) .setInputData(data) .build();
对于每个 RemoteWorkerService
,您还需要在您的 AndroidManifest.xml
文件中添加服务定义
<manifest ... > <service android:name="androidx.work.multiprocess.RemoteWorkerService" android:exported="false" android:process=":worker1" /> <service android:name=".RemoteWorkerService2" android:exported="false" android:process=":worker2" /> ... </manifest>