ExoPlayer 支持多种容器格式的 HLS。其中包含的音频和视频采样格式也必须受支持(有关详细信息,请参阅采样格式部分)。我们强烈建议 HLS 内容生产者生成高质量的 HLS 流,如这篇博文中所述。
功能 | 支持 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
容器 | ||
MPEG-TS | 是 | |
FMP4/CMAF | 是 | |
ADTS (AAC) | 是 | |
MP3 | 是 | |
隐藏式字幕 / 字幕 | ||
CEA-608 | 是 | |
CEA-708 | 是 | |
WebVTT | 是 | |
元数据 | ||
ID3 | 是 | |
SCTE-35 | 否 | |
内容保护 | ||
AES-128 | 是 | |
Sample AES-128 | 否 | |
Widevine | 是 | API 19+(“cenc”方案)和 25+(“cbcs”方案) |
PlayReady SL2000 | 是 | 仅限 Android TV |
服务器控制 | ||
增量更新 | 是 | |
阻止播放列表重新加载 | 是 | |
阻止预加载提示加载 | 是 | 不包括长度未定义的字节范围 |
广告插入 | ||
服务器引导式广告插入(插播广告) | 部分支持 | 仅支持带 X-ASSET-URI 的 VOD。直播流和带 X-ASSET-LIST 属性的流将在以后添加。 |
IMA 服务器端和客户端广告 | 是 | 广告插入指南 |
直播播放 | ||
常规直播播放 | 是 | |
低延迟 HLS (Apple) | 是 | |
低延迟 HLS (Community) | 否 | |
通用媒体客户端数据 CMCD | 是 | CMCD 集成指南 |
使用 MediaItem
要播放 HLS 流,您需要依赖 HLS 模块。
Kotlin
implementation("androidx.media3:media3-exoplayer-hls:1.7.1")
Groovy
implementation "androidx.media3:media3-exoplayer-hls:1.7.1"
然后,您可以为 HLS 播放列表 URI 创建一个 MediaItem
并将其传递给播放器。
Kotlin
// Create a player instance.
val player = ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build()
// Set the media item to be played.
player.setMediaItem(MediaItem.fromUri(hlsUri))
// Prepare the player.
player.prepare()
Java
// Create a player instance.
ExoPlayer player = new ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
// Set the media item to be played.
player.setMediaItem(MediaItem.fromUri(hlsUri));
// Prepare the player.
player.prepare();
如果您的 URI 不是以 .m3u8
结尾,您可以将 MimeTypes.APPLICATION_M3U8
传递给 MediaItem.Builder
的 setMimeType
,以明确指示内容的类型。
媒体项的 URI 可以指向媒体播放列表或多变体播放列表。如果 URI 指向声明多个 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF
标签的多变体播放列表,则 ExoPlayer 将自动根据可用带宽和设备功能在变体之间进行适应。
使用 HlsMediaSource
对于更多自定义选项,您可以创建一个 HlsMediaSource
并直接将其传递给播放器,而不是传递 MediaItem
。
Kotlin
// Create a data source factory.
val dataSourceFactory: DataSource.Factory = DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory()
// Create a HLS media source pointing to a playlist uri.
val hlsMediaSource =
HlsMediaSource.Factory(dataSourceFactory).createMediaSource(MediaItem.fromUri(hlsUri))
// Create a player instance.
val player = ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build()
// Set the HLS media source as the playlist with a single media item.
player.setMediaSource(hlsMediaSource)
// Prepare the player.
player.prepare()
Java
// Create a data source factory.
DataSource.Factory dataSourceFactory = new DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory();
// Create a HLS media source pointing to a playlist uri.
HlsMediaSource hlsMediaSource =
new HlsMediaSource.Factory(dataSourceFactory).createMediaSource(MediaItem.fromUri(hlsUri));
// Create a player instance.
ExoPlayer player = new ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
// Set the HLS media source as the playlist with a single media item.
player.setMediaSource(hlsMediaSource);
// Prepare the player.
player.prepare();
访问清单
您可以通过调用 Player.getCurrentManifest
检索当前清单。对于 HLS,您应将返回的对象转换为 HlsManifest
。Player.Listener
的 onTimelineChanged
回调也会在清单加载时调用。对于点播内容,这将发生一次;对于直播内容,可能会发生多次。以下代码片段展示了应用如何在清单加载时执行操作。
Kotlin
player.addListener(
object : Player.Listener {
override fun onTimelineChanged(timeline: Timeline, @TimelineChangeReason reason: Int) {
val manifest = player.currentManifest
if (manifest is HlsManifest) {
// Do something with the manifest.
}
}
}
)
Java
player.addListener(
new Player.Listener() {
@Override
public void onTimelineChanged(
Timeline timeline, @Player.TimelineChangeReason int reason) {
Object manifest = player.getCurrentManifest();
if (manifest != null) {
HlsManifest hlsManifest = (HlsManifest) manifest;
// Do something with the manifest.
}
}
});
播放带插播广告的 HLS 流
HLS 规范定义了 HLS 插播广告,可用于在媒体播放列表中包含插播广告信息。ExoPlayer 默认会忽略这些插播广告。可以使用 HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader
添加支持。我们并未从一开始就支持该规范的所有功能。如果您发现缺少对您的流的支持,请通过在 GitHub 上提交问题告知我们,并发送您的流 URI,以便我们添加对您的流的支持。
使用播放列表 API 与 MediaItem
播放带插播广告的 HLS 流最方便的方法是使用 HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.AdsMediaSourceFactory
构建 ExoPlayer 实例。这允许使用基于 MediaItem
的 Player
接口的播放列表 API 来播放 HLS 插播广告。
ExoPlayer
的 MediaSource.Factory
可以在构建播放器实例时注入到构建器中
Kotlin
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader = HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader(context)
// Create a MediaSource.Factory for HLS streams with interstitials.
var hlsMediaSourceFactory =
HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.AdsMediaSourceFactory(
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader,
playerView,
DefaultMediaSourceFactory(context),
)
// Build player with interstitials media source factory
player =
ExoPlayer.Builder(context)
.setMediaSourceFactory(hlsMediaSourceFactory)
.build()
// Set the player on the ads loader.
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(player)
playerView.setPlayer(player)
Java
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader = new HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader(context);
// Create a MediaSource.Factory for HLS streams with interstitials.
MediaSource.Factory hlsMediaSourceFactory =
new HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.AdsMediaSourceFactory(
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader, playerView, new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(context));
// Build player with interstitials media source factory
player =
new ExoPlayer.Builder(context)
.setMediaSourceFactory(hlsMediaSourceFactory)
.build();
// Set the player on the ads loader.
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(player);
playerView.setPlayer(player);
通过这种播放器设置,播放 HLS 插播广告只需在播放器上设置一个带有 AdsConfiguration
的媒体项即可
Kotlin
player.setMediaItem(
MediaItem.Builder()
.setUri("https://www.example.com/media.m3u8")
.setAdsConfiguration(
AdsConfiguration.Builder(Uri.parse("hls://interstitials"))
.setAdsId("ad-tag-0") // must be unique within playlist
.build())
.build())
player.prepare();
player.play();
Java
player.setMediaItem(
new MediaItem.Builder()
.setUri("https://www.example.com/media.m3u8")
.setAdsConfiguration(
new AdsConfiguration.Builder(Uri.parse("hls://interstitials"))
.setAdsId("ad-tag-0") // must be unique within playlist
.build())
.build());
player.prepare();
player.play();
使用基于媒体源的 API
或者,可以在不覆盖默认媒体源工厂的情况下构建 ExoPlayer 实例。为了支持插播广告,应用可以直接使用 HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.AdsMediaSourceFactory
创建 MediaSource
,并使用基于媒体源的播放列表 API 将其提供给 ExoPlayer
Kotlin
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader = HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader(context)
// Create a MediaSource.Factory for HLS streams with interstitials.
var hlsMediaSourceFactory =
HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.AdsMediaSourceFactory(hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader, playerView, context)
// Build player with default media source factory.
player = new ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
// Create an media source from an HLS media item with ads configuration.
val mediaSource =
hlsMediaSourceFactory.createMediaSource(
MediaItem.Builder()
.setUri("https://www.example.com/media.m3u8")
.setAdsConfiguration(
MediaItem.AdsConfiguration.Builder(Uri.parse("hls://interstitials"))
.setAdsId("ad-tag-0")
.build()
)
.build()
)
// Set the media source on the player.
player.setMediaSource(mediaSource)
player.prepare()
player.play()
Java
HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader = new HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader(context);
// Create a MediaSource.Factory for HLS streams with interstitials.
MediaSource.Factory hlsMediaSourceFactory =
new HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.AdsMediaSourceFactory(
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader, playerView, context);
// Build player with default media source factory.
player = new ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
// Create an media source from an HLS media item with ads configuration.
MediaSource mediaSource =
hlsMediaSourceFactory.createMediaSource(
new MediaItem.Builder()
.setUri("https://www.example.com/media.m3u8")
.setAdsConfiguration(
new MediaItem.AdsConfiguration.Builder(Uri.parse("hls://interstitials"))
.setAdsId("ad-tag-0")
.build())
.build());
// Set the media source on the player.
exoPlayer.setMediaSource(mediaSource);
exoPlayer.prepare();
exoPlayer.play();
监听广告事件
可以将 Listener
添加到 HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader
,以监控有关 HLS 插播广告播放状态变化的事件。这允许应用或 SDK 跟踪已播放的广告、正在加载的资产列表、正在准备的广告媒体源,或检测资产列表加载和广告准备错误。此外,可以接收广告媒体源发出的元数据,用于精细的广告播放验证或跟踪广告播放进度。
Kotlin
class AdsLoaderListener : HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.Listener {
override fun onStart(mediaItem: MediaItem, adsId: Any, adViewProvider: AdViewProvider) {
// Do something when HLS media item with interstitials is started.
}
override fun onMetadata(
mediaItem: MediaItem,
adsId: Any,
adGroupIndex: Int,
adIndexInAdGroup: Int,
metadata: Metadata,
) {
// Do something with metadata that is emitted by the ad media source of the given ad.
}
override fun onAdCompleted(
mediaItem: MediaItem,
adsId: Any,
adGroupIndex: Int,
adIndexInAdGroup: Int,
) {
// Do something when ad completed playback.
}
// ... See JavaDoc for further callbacks of HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.Listener.
override fun onStop(mediaItem: MediaItem, adsId: Any, adPlaybackState: AdPlaybackState) {
// Do something with the resulting ad playback state when stopped.
}
}
Java
private class AdsLoaderListener
implements HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.Listener {
// implement HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.Listener
@Override
public void onStart(MediaItem mediaItem, Object adsId, AdViewProvider adViewProvider) {
// Do something when HLS media item with interstitials is started.
}
@Override
public void onMetadata(
MediaItem mediaItem,
Object adsId,
int adGroupIndex,
int adIndexInAdGroup,
Metadata metadata) {
// Do something with metadata that is emitted by the ad media source of the given ad.
}
@Override
public void onAdCompleted(
MediaItem mediaItem, Object adsId, int adGroupIndex, int adIndexInAdGroup) {
// Do something when ad completed playback.
}
// ... See JavaDoc for further callbacks
@Override
public void onStop(MediaItem mediaItem, Object adsId, AdPlaybackState adPlaybackState) {
// Do something with the resulting ad playback state when stopped.
}
}
有关所有可用回调的详细文档,请参阅 HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.Listener
的 Javadoc。
然后可以将监听器添加到广告加载器
Kotlin
var listener = AdsLoaderListener();
// Add the listener to the ads loader to receive ad loader events.
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.addListener(listener);
Java
AdsLoaderListener listener = new AdsLoaderListener();
// Add the listener to the ads loader to receive ad loader events.
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.addListener(listener);
HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader
生命周期
HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader
或 HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.AdsMediaSourceFactory
的实例可以重复用于多个播放器实例,这些实例创建多个需要加载广告的媒体源。
例如,可以在 Activity
的 onCreate
方法中创建一个实例,然后将其重复用于多个播放器实例。只要它同时被一个播放器实例使用,这种方式就有效。这对于常见用例非常有用,即当应用进入后台时,播放器实例被销毁,然后当应用再次回到前台时,会创建一个新实例。
Kotlin
// Create the ads loader instance (for example onCreate).
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader = HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader(context);
// Build a player and set it on the ads loader (for example onStart).
player = ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(player);
// Release the player and unset it on the ads loader (for example onStop).
player.release();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(null);
// Build another player and set it on the ads loader (for example onStart).
player = ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(player);
// Release the player and unset it on the ads loader (for example onStop).
player.release();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(null);
// Release the ads loader when not used anymore (for example onDestroy).
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.release();
Java
// Create the ads loader instance (for example onCreate).
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader = new HlsInterstitialsAdsLoader(context);
// Build a player and set it on the ads loader (for example onStart).
player = new ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(player);
// Release the player and unset it on the ads loader (for example onStop).
player.release();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(null);
// Build another player and set it on the ads loader (for example onStart).
player = new ExoPlayer.Builder(context).build();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(player);
// Release the player and unset it on the ads loader (for example onStop).
player.release();
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.setPlayer(null);
// Release the ads loader when not used anymore (for example onDestroy).
hlsInterstitialsAdsLoader.release();
通常,在广告加载器上设置下一个播放器实例之前,请务必释放旧的播放器实例。一旦广告加载器本身被释放,它就不能再使用了。
自定义播放
ExoPlayer 提供了多种方式,让您可以根据应用的需求自定义播放体验。有关示例,请参阅自定义页面。
禁用无分块准备
默认情况下,ExoPlayer 将使用无分块准备。这意味着 ExoPlayer 将仅使用多变体播放列表中的信息来准备流,如果 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF
标签包含 CODECS
属性,则此方法有效。
如果您的媒体分段包含未在多变体播放列表中使用 #EXT-X-MEDIA:TYPE=CLOSED-CAPTIONS
标签声明的复用隐藏式字幕轨道,您可能需要禁用此功能。否则,这些隐藏式字幕轨道将无法被检测和播放。您可以在 HlsMediaSource.Factory
中禁用无分块准备,如以下代码片段所示。请注意,这会增加启动时间,因为 ExoPlayer 需要下载媒体分段才能发现这些额外的轨道,因此最好在多变体播放列表中声明隐藏式字幕轨道。
Kotlin
val hlsMediaSource =
HlsMediaSource.Factory(dataSourceFactory)
.setAllowChunklessPreparation(false)
.createMediaSource(MediaItem.fromUri(hlsUri))
Java
HlsMediaSource hlsMediaSource =
new HlsMediaSource.Factory(dataSourceFactory)
.setAllowChunklessPreparation(false)
.createMediaSource(MediaItem.fromUri(hlsUri));
创建高质量 HLS 内容
为了充分利用 ExoPlayer,您可以遵循某些准则来改进您的 HLS 内容。有关完整说明,请阅读我们关于ExoPlayer 中 HLS 播放的 Medium 博文。主要内容包括:
- 使用精确的分段时长。
- 使用连续媒体流;避免跨分段的媒体结构更改。
- 使用
#EXT-X-INDEPENDENT-SEGMENTS
标签。 - 优先使用解复用流,而不是包含视频和音频的文件。
- 在多变体播放列表中包含所有可能的信息。
以下准则专门适用于直播流:
- 使用
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME
标签。 - 使用
#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY-SEQUENCE
标签。 - 提供较长的直播窗口。一分钟或更长时间为佳。