相机 API

/** Check if this device has a camera */
private fun checkCameraHardware(context: Context): Boolean {
    if (context.packageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)) {
        // this device has a camera
        return true
    } else {
        // no camera on this device
        return false
    }
}

/** Check if this device has a camera */
private boolean checkCameraHardware(Context context) {
    if (context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)){
        // this device has a camera
        return true;
    } else {
        // no camera on this device
        return false;
    }
}

/** A safe way to get an instance of the Camera object. */
fun getCameraInstance(): Camera? {
    return try {
        Camera.open() // attempt to get a Camera instance
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // Camera is not available (in use or does not exist)
        null // returns null if camera is unavailable
    }
}

/** A safe way to get an instance of the Camera object. */
public static Camera getCameraInstance(){
    Camera c = null;
    try {
        c = Camera.open(); // attempt to get a Camera instance
    }
    catch (Exception e){
        // Camera is not available (in use or does not exist)
    }
    return c; // returns null if camera is unavailable
}

/** A basic Camera preview class */
class CameraPreview(
        context: Context,
        private val mCamera: Camera
) : SurfaceView(context), SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    private val mHolder: SurfaceHolder = holder.apply {
        // Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the
        // underlying surface is created and destroyed.
        addCallback(this@CameraPreview)
        // deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0
        setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS)
    }

    override fun surfaceCreated(holder: SurfaceHolder) {
        // The Surface has been created, now tell the camera where to draw the preview.
        mCamera.apply {
            try {
                setPreviewDisplay(holder)
                startPreview()
            } catch (e: IOException) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: ${e.message}")
            }
        }
    }

    override fun surfaceDestroyed(holder: SurfaceHolder) {
        // empty. Take care of releasing the Camera preview in your activity.
    }

    override fun surfaceChanged(holder: SurfaceHolder, format: Int, w: Int, h: Int) {
        // If your preview can change or rotate, take care of those events here.
        // Make sure to stop the preview before resizing or reformatting it.
        if (mHolder.surface == null) {
            // preview surface does not exist
            return
        }

        // stop preview before making changes
        try {
            mCamera.stopPreview()
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
        }

        // set preview size and make any resize, rotate or
        // reformatting changes here

        // start preview with new settings
        mCamera.apply {
            try {
                setPreviewDisplay(mHolder)
                startPreview()
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: ${e.message}")
            }
        }
    }
}

/** A basic Camera preview class */
public class CameraPreview extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
    private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
    private Camera mCamera;

    public CameraPreview(Context context, Camera camera) {
        super(context);
        mCamera = camera;

        // Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the
        // underlying surface is created and destroyed.
        mHolder = getHolder();
        mHolder.addCallback(this);
        // deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0
        mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
    }

    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        // The Surface has been created, now tell the camera where to draw the preview.
        try {
            mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
            mCamera.startPreview();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        // empty. Take care of releasing the Camera preview in your activity.
    }

    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
        // If your preview can change or rotate, take care of those events here.
        // Make sure to stop the preview before resizing or reformatting it.

        if (mHolder.getSurface() == null){
          // preview surface does not exist
          return;
        }

        // stop preview before making changes
        try {
            mCamera.stopPreview();
        } catch (Exception e){
          // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
        }

        // set preview size and make any resize, rotate or
        // reformatting changes here

        // start preview with new settings
        try {
            mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mHolder);
            mCamera.startPreview();

        } catch (Exception e){
            Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

class CameraActivity : Activity() {

    private var mCamera: Camera? = null
    private var mPreview: CameraPreview? = null

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        // Create an instance of Camera
        mCamera = getCameraInstance()

        mPreview = mCamera?.let {
            // Create our Preview view
            CameraPreview(this, it)
        }

        // Set the Preview view as the content of our activity.
        mPreview?.also {
            val preview: FrameLayout = findViewById(R.id.camera_preview)
            preview.addView(it)
        }
    }
}

public class CameraActivity extends Activity {

    private Camera mCamera;
    private CameraPreview mPreview;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        // Create an instance of Camera
        mCamera = getCameraInstance();

        // Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity.
        mPreview = new CameraPreview(this, mCamera);
        FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);
        preview.addView(mPreview);
    }
}

private val mPicture = Camera.PictureCallback { data, _ ->
    val pictureFile: File = getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE) ?: run {
        Log.d(TAG, ("Error creating media file, check storage permissions"))
        return@PictureCallback
    }

    try {
        val fos = FileOutputStream(pictureFile)
        fos.write(data)
        fos.close()
    } catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {
        Log.d(TAG, "File not found: ${e.message}")
    } catch (e: IOException) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Error accessing file: ${e.message}")
    }
}

private PictureCallback mPicture = new PictureCallback() {

    @Override
    public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {

        File pictureFile = getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE);
        if (pictureFile == null){
            Log.d(TAG, "Error creating media file, check storage permissions");
            return;
        }

        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pictureFile);
            fos.write(data);
            fos.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "File not found: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Error accessing file: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
};

val captureButton: Button = findViewById(R.id.button_capture)
captureButton.setOnClickListener {
    // get an image from the camera
    mCamera?.takePicture(null, null, picture)
}

// Add a listener to the Capture button
Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_capture);
captureButton.setOnClickListener(
    new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // get an image from the camera
            mCamera.takePicture(null, null, picture);
        }
    }
);

private fun prepareVideoRecorder(): Boolean {
    mediaRecorder = MediaRecorder()

    mCamera?.let { camera ->
        // Step 1: Unlock and set camera to MediaRecorder
        camera?.unlock()

        mediaRecorder?.run {
            setCamera(camera)

            // Step 2: Set sources
            setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.CAMCORDER)
            setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA)

            // Step 3: Set a CamcorderProfile (requires API Level 8 or higher)
            setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH))

            // Step 4: Set output file
            setOutputFile(getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO).toString())

            // Step 5: Set the preview output
            setPreviewDisplay(mPreview?.holder?.surface)

            setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4)
            setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT)
            setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.DEFAULT)


            // Step 6: Prepare configured MediaRecorder
            return try {
                prepare()
                true
            } catch (e: IllegalStateException) {
                Log.d(TAG, "IllegalStateException preparing MediaRecorder: ${e.message}")
                releaseMediaRecorder()
                false
            } catch (e: IOException) {
                Log.d(TAG, "IOException preparing MediaRecorder: ${e.message}")
                releaseMediaRecorder()
                false
            }
        }

    }
    return false
}

private boolean prepareVideoRecorder(){

    mCamera = getCameraInstance();
    mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();

    // Step 1: Unlock and set camera to MediaRecorder
    mCamera.unlock();
    mediaRecorder.setCamera(mCamera);

    // Step 2: Set sources
    mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.CAMCORDER);
    mediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);

    // Step 3: Set a CamcorderProfile (requires API Level 8 or higher)
    mediaRecorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH));

    // Step 4: Set output file
    mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO).toString());

    // Step 5: Set the preview output
    mediaRecorder.setPreviewDisplay(mPreview.getHolder().getSurface());

    // Step 6: Prepare configured MediaRecorder
    try {
        mediaRecorder.prepare();
    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
        Log.d(TAG, "IllegalStateException preparing MediaRecorder: " + e.getMessage());
        releaseMediaRecorder();
        return false;
    } catch (IOException e) {
        Log.d(TAG, "IOException preparing MediaRecorder: " + e.getMessage());
        releaseMediaRecorder();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

    // Step 3: Set output format and encoding (for versions prior to API Level 8)
    mediaRecorder?.apply {
        setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4)
        setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT)
        setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.DEFAULT)
    }

    // Step 3: Set output format and encoding (for versions prior to API Level 8)
    mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
    mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT);
    mediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.DEFAULT);

var isRecording = false
val captureButton: Button = findViewById(R.id.button_capture)
captureButton.setOnClickListener {
    if (isRecording) {
        // stop recording and release camera
        mediaRecorder?.stop() // stop the recording
        releaseMediaRecorder() // release the MediaRecorder object
        mCamera?.lock() // take camera access back from MediaRecorder

        // inform the user that recording has stopped
        setCaptureButtonText("Capture")
        isRecording = false
    } else {
        // initialize video camera
        if (prepareVideoRecorder()) {
            // Camera is available and unlocked, MediaRecorder is prepared,
            // now you can start recording
            mediaRecorder?.start()

            // inform the user that recording has started
            setCaptureButtonText("Stop")
            isRecording = true
        } else {
            // prepare didn't work, release the camera
            releaseMediaRecorder()
            // inform user
        }
    }
}

private boolean isRecording = false;

// Add a listener to the Capture button
Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(id.button_capture);
captureButton.setOnClickListener(
    new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            if (isRecording) {
                // stop recording and release camera
                mediaRecorder.stop();  // stop the recording
                releaseMediaRecorder(); // release the MediaRecorder object
                mCamera.lock();         // take camera access back from MediaRecorder

                // inform the user that recording has stopped
                setCaptureButtonText("Capture");
                isRecording = false;
            } else {
                // initialize video camera
                if (prepareVideoRecorder()) {
                    // Camera is available and unlocked, MediaRecorder is prepared,
                    // now you can start recording
                    mediaRecorder.start();

                    // inform the user that recording has started
                    setCaptureButtonText("Stop");
                    isRecording = true;
                } else {
                    // prepare didn't work, release the camera
                    releaseMediaRecorder();
                    // inform user
                }
            }
        }
    }
);

class CameraActivity : Activity() {
    private var mCamera: Camera?
    private var preview: SurfaceView?
    private var mediaRecorder: MediaRecorder?

    override fun onPause() {
        super.onPause()
        releaseMediaRecorder() // if you are using MediaRecorder, release it first
        releaseCamera() // release the camera immediately on pause event
    }

    private fun releaseMediaRecorder() {
        mediaRecorder?.reset() // clear recorder configuration
        mediaRecorder?.release() // release the recorder object
        mediaRecorder = null
        mCamera?.lock() // lock camera for later use
    }

    private fun releaseCamera() {
        mCamera?.release() // release the camera for other applications
        mCamera = null
    }
}

public class CameraActivity extends Activity {
    private Camera mCamera;
    private SurfaceView preview;
    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;

    ...

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        releaseMediaRecorder();       // if you are using MediaRecorder, release it first
        releaseCamera();              // release the camera immediately on pause event
    }

    private void releaseMediaRecorder(){
        if (mediaRecorder != null) {
            mediaRecorder.reset();   // clear recorder configuration
            mediaRecorder.release(); // release the recorder object
            mediaRecorder = null;
            mCamera.lock();           // lock camera for later use
        }
    }

    private void releaseCamera(){
        if (mCamera != null){
            mCamera.release();        // release the camera for other applications
            mCamera = null;
        }
    }
}

val MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE = 1
val MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO = 2

/** Create a file Uri for saving an image or video */
private fun getOutputMediaFileUri(type: Int): Uri {
    return Uri.fromFile(getOutputMediaFile(type))
}

/** Create a File for saving an image or video */
private fun getOutputMediaFile(type: Int): File? {
    // To be safe, you should check that the SDCard is mounted
    // using Environment.getExternalStorageState() before doing this.

    val mediaStorageDir = File(
            Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
            "MyCameraApp"
    )
    // This location works best if you want the created images to be shared
    // between applications and persist after your app has been uninstalled.

    // Create the storage directory if it does not exist
    mediaStorageDir.apply {
        if (!exists()) {
            if (!mkdirs()) {
                Log.d("MyCameraApp", "failed to create directory")
                return null
            }
        }
    }

    // Create a media file name
    val timeStamp = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(Date())
    return when (type) {
        MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE -> {
            File("${mediaStorageDir.path}${File.separator}IMG_$timeStamp.jpg")
        }
        MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO -> {
            File("${mediaStorageDir.path}${File.separator}VID_$timeStamp.mp4")
        }
        else -> null
    }
}

public static final int MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE = 1;
public static final int MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO = 2;

/** Create a file Uri for saving an image or video */
private static Uri getOutputMediaFileUri(int type){
      return Uri.fromFile(getOutputMediaFile(type));
}

/** Create a File for saving an image or video */
private static File getOutputMediaFile(int type){
    // To be safe, you should check that the SDCard is mounted
    // using Environment.getExternalStorageState() before doing this.

    File mediaStorageDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
              Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "MyCameraApp");
    // This location works best if you want the created images to be shared
    // between applications and persist after your app has been uninstalled.

    // Create the storage directory if it does not exist
    if (! mediaStorageDir.exists()){
        if (! mediaStorageDir.mkdirs()){
            Log.d("MyCameraApp", "failed to create directory");
            return null;
        }
    }

    // Create a media file name
    String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
    File mediaFile;
    if (type == MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE){
        mediaFile = new File(mediaStorageDir.getPath() + File.separator +
        "IMG_"+ timeStamp + ".jpg");
    } else if(type == MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
        mediaFile = new File(mediaStorageDir.getPath() + File.separator +
        "VID_"+ timeStamp + ".mp4");
    } else {
        return null;
    }

    return mediaFile;
}

val params: Camera.Parameters? = camera?.parameters
val focusModes: List<String>? = params?.supportedFocusModes
if (focusModes?.contains(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO) == true) {
    // Autofocus mode is supported
}

// get Camera parameters
Camera.Parameters params = camera.getParameters();

List<String> focusModes = params.getSupportedFocusModes();
if (focusModes.contains(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO)) {
  // Autofocus mode is supported
}

val params: Camera.Parameters? = camera?.parameters
params?.focusMode = Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO
camera?.parameters = params

// get Camera parameters
Camera.Parameters params = camera.getParameters();
// set the focus mode
params.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);
// set Camera parameters
camera.setParameters(params);

// Create an instance of Camera
camera = getCameraInstance()

// set Camera parameters
val params: Camera.Parameters? = camera?.parameters

params?.apply {
    if (maxNumMeteringAreas > 0) { // check that metering areas are supported
        meteringAreas = ArrayList<Camera.Area>().apply {
            val areaRect1 = Rect(-100, -100, 100, 100) // specify an area in center of image
            add(Camera.Area(areaRect1, 600)) // set weight to 60%
            val areaRect2 = Rect(800, -1000, 1000, -800) // specify an area in upper right of image
            add(Camera.Area(areaRect2, 400)) // set weight to 40%
        }
    }
    camera?.parameters = this
}

// Create an instance of Camera
camera = getCameraInstance();

// set Camera parameters
Camera.Parameters params = camera.getParameters();

if (params.getMaxNumMeteringAreas() > 0){ // check that metering areas are supported
    List<Camera.Area> meteringAreas = new ArrayList<Camera.Area>();

    Rect areaRect1 = new Rect(-100, -100, 100, 100);    // specify an area in center of image
    meteringAreas.add(new Camera.Area(areaRect1, 600)); // set weight to 60%
    Rect areaRect2 = new Rect(800, -1000, 1000, -800);  // specify an area in upper right of image
    meteringAreas.add(new Camera.Area(areaRect2, 400)); // set weight to 40%
    params.setMeteringAreas(meteringAreas);
}

camera.setParameters(params);

internal class MyFaceDetectionListener : Camera.FaceDetectionListener {

    override fun onFaceDetection(faces: Array<Camera.Face>, camera: Camera) {
        if (faces.isNotEmpty()) {
            Log.d("FaceDetection", ("face detected: ${faces.size}" +
                    " Face 1 Location X: ${faces[0].rect.centerX()}" +
                    "Y: ${faces[0].rect.centerY()}"))
        }
    }
}

class MyFaceDetectionListener implements Camera.FaceDetectionListener {

    @Override
    public void onFaceDetection(Face[] faces, Camera camera) {
        if (faces.length > 0){
            Log.d("FaceDetection", "face detected: "+ faces.length +
                    " Face 1 Location X: " + faces[0].rect.centerX() +
                    "Y: " + faces[0].rect.centerY() );
        }
    }
}

camera?.setFaceDetectionListener(MyFaceDetectionListener())

camera.setFaceDetectionListener(new MyFaceDetectionListener());

fun startFaceDetection() {
    // Try starting Face Detection
    val params = mCamera?.parameters
    // start face detection only *after* preview has started

    params?.apply {
        if (maxNumDetectedFaces > 0) {
            // camera supports face detection, so can start it:
            mCamera?.startFaceDetection()
        }
    }
}

public void startFaceDetection(){
    // Try starting Face Detection
    Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();

    // start face detection only *after* preview has started
    if (params.getMaxNumDetectedFaces() > 0){
        // camera supports face detection, so can start it:
        mCamera.startFaceDetection();
    }
}

override fun surfaceCreated(holder: SurfaceHolder) {
    try {
        mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder)
        mCamera.startPreview()

        startFaceDetection() // start face detection feature
    } catch (e: IOException) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: ${e.message}")
    }
}

override fun surfaceChanged(holder: SurfaceHolder, format: Int, w: Int, h: Int) {
    if (holder.surface == null) {
        // preview surface does not exist
        Log.d(TAG, "holder.getSurface() == null")
        return
    }
    try {
        mCamera.stopPreview()
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
        Log.d(TAG, "Error stopping camera preview: ${e.message}")
    }
    try {
        mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder)
        mCamera.startPreview()

        startFaceDetection() // re-start face detection feature
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
        Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: ${e.message}")
    }
}

public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
    try {
        mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
        mCamera.startPreview();

        startFaceDetection(); // start face detection feature

    } catch (IOException e) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
    }
}

public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {

    if (holder.getSurface() == null){
        // preview surface does not exist
        Log.d(TAG, "holder.getSurface() == null");
        return;
    }

    try {
        mCamera.stopPreview();

    } catch (Exception e){
        // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
        Log.d(TAG, "Error stopping camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    try {
        mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
        mCamera.startPreview();

        startFaceDetection(); // re-start face detection feature

    } catch (Exception e){
        // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
        Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
    }
}

mediaRecorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_TIME_LAPSE_HIGH))
mediaRecorder.setCaptureRate(0.1) // capture a frame every 10 seconds

// Step 3: Set a CamcorderProfile (requires API Level 8 or higher)
mediaRecorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_TIME_LAPSE_HIGH));
...
// Step 5.5: Set the video capture rate to a low number
mediaRecorder.setCaptureRate(0.1); // capture a frame every 10 seconds