与大多数 Android UI 测试不同，Macrobenchmark 测试在与应用本身不同的进程中运行。这是为了启用诸如停止应用进程和从 DEX 字节码编译到机器码之类的功能。
您可以使用UIAutomator 库或其他可以从测试进程控制目标应用的机制来驱动应用的状态。您不能使用Espresso或ActivityScenario用于 Macrobenchmark，因为它们期望在与应用共享的进程中运行。
以下示例使用其资源 ID 查找RecyclerView 并向下滚动几次
@Test
fun scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
startActivityAndWait(intent)
}
) {
val recycler = device.findObject(By.res(packageName, "recycler"))
// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
// with input events from automation.
recycler.setGestureMargin(device.displayWidth / 5)
// Scroll down several times
repeat(3) { recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN) }
}
}
@Test
public void scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
/* setupBlock */ scope -> {
// Before measuring, navigate to the UI to be measured.
val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
scope.startActivityAndWait();
return Unit.INSTANCE;
},
/* measureBlock */ scope -> {
UiDevice device = scope.getDevice();
UiObject2 recycler = device.findObject(By.res(scope.getPackageName(), "recycler"));
// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
// with input events from automation.
recycler.setGestureMargin(device.getDisplayWidth() / 5);
// Fling the recycler several times.
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN);
}
return Unit.INSTANCE;
}
);
}
您的基准测试不必滚动UI。例如，它可以运行动画。它也不需要专门使用 UI Automator。只要视图系统正在生成帧，它就会收集性能指标，包括由Jetpack Compose生成的帧。
导航到应用的内部部分
有时您想对应用中从外部无法直接访问的部分进行基准测试。例如，这可能是访问用exported=false标记的内部 Activity，导航到Fragment，或将 UI 的某些部分滑走。基准测试需要像用户一样手动导航到应用的这些部分。
要手动导航，请更改setupBlock{}内的代码以包含所需的效果，例如按钮点击或滑动。measureBlock{}仅包含您要实际进行基准测试的 UI 操作。
@Test
fun nonExportedActivityScrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = setupBenchmark()
) {
// ...
}
}
private fun setupBenchmark(): MacrobenchmarkScope.() -> Unit = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
startActivityAndWait()
// click a button to launch the target activity.
// While we use button text here to find the button, you could also use
// accessibility info or resourceId.
val selector = By.text("RecyclerView")
if (!device.wait(Until.hasObject(selector), 5_500)) {
fail("Could not find resource in time")
}
val launchRecyclerActivity = device.findObject(selector)
launchRecyclerActivity.click()
// wait until the activity is shown
device.wait(
Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10)
)
}
@Test
public void scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
/* setupBlock */ scope -> {
// Before measuring, navigate to the default activity.
scope.startActivityAndWait();
// Click a button to launch the target activity.
// While you use resourceId here to find the button, you can also
// use accessibility info or button text content.
UiObject2 launchRecyclerActivity = scope.getDevice().findObject(
By.res(packageName, "launchRecyclerActivity")
)
launchRecyclerActivity.click();
// Wait until activity is shown.
scope.getDevice().wait(
Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
10000L
)
return Unit.INSTANCE;
},
/* measureBlock */ scope -> {
// ...
}
);
}