调试 WorkManager

如果您发现您的 worker 运行过于频繁或根本不运行,以下是一些调试步骤,可以帮助您发现发生了什么。

启用日志记录

要确定您的 worker 为什么无法正常运行,查看详细 WorkManager 日志非常有用。要启用日志记录,请使用自定义初始化

首先,通过在您的 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中创建带有 remove 应用的清单合并规则的新 WorkManager 提供程序,禁用默认的 WorkManagerInitializer

<provider
    android:name="androidx.work.impl.WorkManagerInitializer"
    android:authorities="${applicationId}.workmanager-init"
    tools:node="remove"/>

现在,默认的 WorkManager 初始化程序已禁用,您可以使用按需初始化。为此,android.app.Application 类需要为 androidx.work.Configuration.Provider 提供实现

Kotlin

class MyApplication() : Application(), Configuration.Provider {
    override fun getWorkManagerConfiguration() =
        Configuration.Builder()
            .setMinimumLoggingLevel(android.util.Log.DEBUG)
            .build()
}

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application implements Configuration.Provider {
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Configuration getWorkManagerConfiguration() {
        return new Configuration.Builder()
                .setMinimumLoggingLevel(android.util.Log.DEBUG)
                .build();
    }
}

当您定义自定义 WorkManager 配置时,您的 WorkManager 将在您调用 WorkManager.getInstance(Context) 时初始化,而不是在应用程序启动时自动初始化。有关更多信息,包括对 WorkManager 2.1.0 之前版本的支持,请参阅自定义 WorkManager 配置和初始化

启用 DEBUG 日志记录后,您将看到带有日志标签前缀 WM- 的更多日志。

使用 adb shell dumpsys jobscheduler

您可以使用 adb 来获取有关 Android 6.0(API 级别 23)或更高版本上的作业调度的更多信息。如果您不熟悉 adb,请参阅命令行工具 以了解更多详细信息。

安装 adb 后,运行以下命令查看归属于您的包的作业列表

adb shell dumpsys jobscheduler

输出类似于以下内容

JOB #u0a172/4: 6412553 com.google.android.youtube/androidx.work.impl.background.systemjob.SystemJobService
  u0a172 tag=*job*/com.google.android.youtube/androidx.work.impl.background.systemjob.SystemJobService
  Source: uid=u0a172 user=0 pkg=com.google.android.youtube
  JobInfo:
    Service: com.google.android.youtube/androidx.work.impl.background.systemjob.SystemJobService
    Requires: charging=false batteryNotLow=false deviceIdle=false
    Extras: mParcelledData.dataSize=180
    Network type: NetworkRequest [ NONE id=0, [ Capabilities: NOT_METERED&INTERNET&NOT_RESTRICTED&TRUSTED&VALIDATED Uid: 10172] ]
    Minimum latency: +1h29m59s687ms
    Backoff: policy=1 initial=+30s0ms
    Has early constraint
  Required constraints: TIMING_DELAY CONNECTIVITY [0x90000000]
  Satisfied constraints: DEVICE_NOT_DOZING BACKGROUND_NOT_RESTRICTED WITHIN_QUOTA [0x3400000]
  Unsatisfied constraints: TIMING_DELAY CONNECTIVITY [0x90000000]
  Tracking: CONNECTIVITY TIME QUOTA
  Implicit constraints:
    readyNotDozing: true
    readyNotRestrictedInBg: true
  Standby bucket: RARE
  Base heartbeat: 0
  Enqueue time: -51m29s853ms
  Run time: earliest=+38m29s834ms, latest=none, original latest=none
  Last run heartbeat: 0
  Ready: false (job=false user=true !pending=true !active=true !backingup=true comp=true)

使用 WorkManager 时,负责管理 worker 执行的组件是 API 级别 23 或更高版本上的 SystemJobService。查找归属于您的包名称和 androidx.work.impl.background.systemjob.SystemJobService 的作业实例。

对于每个作业,命令的输出都列出了必需满足未满足的约束。检查您的 worker 的约束是否已完全满足。

输出还包括最近执行的作业的作业历史记录,因此您可以使用它来检查 SystemJobService 是否最近被调用。

Job history:
     -1h35m26s440ms   START: #u0a107/9008 com.google.android.youtube/androidx.work.impl.background.systemjob.SystemJobService
     -1h35m26s362ms  STOP-P: #u0a107/9008 com.google.android.youtube/androidx.work.impl.background.systemjob.SystemJobService app called jobFinished

从 WorkManager 2.4.0+ 请求诊断信息

在您的应用程序的调试版本中,您可以使用以下命令从 WorkManager 2.4.0 及更高版本请求诊断信息

adb shell am broadcast -a "androidx.work.diagnostics.REQUEST_DIAGNOSTICS" -p "<your_app_package_name>"

这将提供有关以下内容的信息

  • 在过去 24 小时内完成的工作请求。
  • 当前正在运行的工作请求。
  • 已安排的工作请求。

它可能看起来像这样(输出通过 logcat 可见)

adb shell am broadcast -a "androidx.work.diagnostics.REQUEST_DIAGNOSTICS" -p "androidx.work.integration.testapp"

adb logcat
...
2020-02-13 14:21:37.990 29528-29660/androidx.work.integration.testapp I/WM-DiagnosticsWrkr: Recently completed work:
2020-02-13 14:21:38.083 29528-29660/androidx.work.integration.testapp I/WM-DiagnosticsWrkr: Id  Class Name   State  Unique Name Tags
    08be261c-2def-4bd6-a716-1e4410968dc4     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
    48ce04f1-8df9-450b-96ec-6eceabb9c690     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
    c46f4699-c384-440c-a10e-26d56ce02963     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
    ce125372-046e-484e-949f-9abb35ce62c3     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
    72887ddd-8ed1-4018-b798-fac218e95e16     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
    dcff3d61-320d-4996-8644-5d97944bd09c     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
    acab0bf7-6087-43ad-bdb5-be0df9195acb     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
    23136bcd-01dd-46eb-b910-0fe8a140c2a4     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
    245f4879-c6d2-4997-8130-e4e90e1cab4c     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
    17d05835-bb61-429a-ad11-fe43fc320a54     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
    e95f12be-4b0c-4e64-88da-8ee07a31e42f     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
    431c3ec2-4a55-469b-b50b-4072d35f1232     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
    883a388f-f911-4098-9143-37bd8fbc098a     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
    b904163c-6822-4299-8d5a-78df49b7e53d     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
    453fd7b9-2b16-45b9-abc5-3d2ce7b6a4ba     androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker   SUCCEEDED  null    androidx.work.integration.testapp.ToastWorker
2020-02-13 14:21:38.083 29528-29660/androidx.work.integration.testapp I/WM-DiagnosticsWrkr: Running work:
2020-02-13 14:21:38.089 29528-29660/androidx.work.integration.testapp I/WM-DiagnosticsWrkr: Id  Class Name   State  Unique Name Tags
    b87c8a4f-4ac6-4e25-ba3e-4cea53ce468a     androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker    RUNNING    null    androidx.work.impl.workers.DiagnosticsWorker
...