滑动视图使您能够使用水平手指手势(或“滑动”)在兄弟屏幕(例如选项卡)之间导航。这种导航模式也称为“水平分页”。本主题将教您如何创建带有滑动视图的选项卡布局,以便在选项卡之间切换,以及如何显示标题栏而不是选项卡。
实施滑动视图
您可以使用 AndroidX 的 ViewPager
小部件创建滑动视图。要使用 ViewPager
和选项卡,您需要将 ViewPager
和 Material Components 的依赖项添加到您的项目中。
要使用 ViewPager
设置您的布局,请将 <ViewPager>
元素添加到您的 XML 布局中。例如,如果滑动视图中的每个页面都使用整个布局,则您的布局如下所示
<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/pager"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
要插入表示每个页面的子视图,您需要将此布局连接到 PagerAdapter
。您可以选择两种内置适配器类型
FragmentPagerAdapter
:当您在少量固定数量的兄弟屏幕之间导航时使用此选项。FragmentStatePagerAdapter
:当您跨未知数量的页面分页时使用此选项。FragmentStatePagerAdapter
通过在用户导航离开时销毁片段来优化内存使用。
例如,以下是如何使用 FragmentStatePagerAdapter
在 Fragment
对象集合中滑动
Kotlin
class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() { // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment // representing an object in the collection. private lateinit var demoCollectionPagerAdapter: DemoCollectionPagerAdapter private lateinit var viewPager: ViewPager override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false) } override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { demoCollectionPagerAdapter = DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(childFragmentManager) viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager) viewPager.adapter = demoCollectionPagerAdapter } } // Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter, // NOT a FragmentPagerAdapter. class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) { override fun getCount(): Int = 100 override fun getItem(i: Int): Fragment { val fragment = DemoObjectFragment() fragment.arguments = Bundle().apply { // Our object is just an integer :-P putInt(ARG_OBJECT, i + 1) } return fragment } override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence { return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}" } } private const val ARG_OBJECT = "object" // Instances of this class are fragments representing a single // object in the collection. class DemoObjectFragment : Fragment() { override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false) } override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { arguments?.takeIf { it.containsKey(ARG_OBJECT) }?.apply { val textView: TextView = view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1) textView.text = getInt(ARG_OBJECT).toString() } } }
Java
public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment { // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment // representing an object in the collection. DemoCollectionPagerAdapter demoCollectionPagerAdapter; ViewPager viewPager; @Nullable @Override public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false); } @Override public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { demoCollectionPagerAdapter = new DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(getChildFragmentManager()); viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager); viewPager.setAdapter(demoCollectionPagerAdapter); } } // Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter, // NOT a FragmentPagerAdapter. public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter { public DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) { super(fm); } @Override public Fragment getItem(int i) { Fragment fragment = new DemoObjectFragment(); Bundle args = new Bundle(); // Our object is just an integer :-P args.putInt(DemoObjectFragment.ARG_OBJECT, i + 1); fragment.setArguments(args); return fragment; } @Override public int getCount() { return 100; } @Override public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) { return "OBJECT " + (position + 1); } } // Instances of this class are fragments representing a single // object in the collection. public class DemoObjectFragment extends Fragment { public static final String ARG_OBJECT = "object"; @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false); } @Override public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { Bundle args = getArguments(); ((TextView) view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1)) .setText(Integer.toString(args.getInt(ARG_OBJECT))); } }
以下部分将展示如何添加选项卡以帮助促进页面之间的导航。
使用 TabLayout 添加选项卡
TabLayout
提供了一种以水平方式显示选项卡的方法。当与 ViewPager
一起使用时,TabLayout
为在滑动视图中页面之间导航提供了熟悉的界面。
图 1. 带有四个选项卡的 TabLayout
。
要在 ViewPager
中包含 TabLayout
,请在 <ViewPager>
元素内部添加 <TabLayout>
元素,如下所示
<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/pager"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayout
android:id="@+id/tab_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager>
接下来,使用 setupWithViewPager()
将 TabLayout
连接到 ViewPager
。 TabLayout
中的各个选项卡将自动使用来自 PagerAdapter
的页面标题进行填充
Kotlin
class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() { ... override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { val tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout) tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager) } ... } class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) { override fun getCount(): Int = 4 override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence { return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}" } ... }
Java
public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment { ... @Override public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { TabLayout tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout); tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager); } ... } public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter { ... @Override public int getCount() { return 4; } @Override public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) { return "OBJECT " + (position + 1); } ... }
有关选项卡布局的其他设计指南,请参阅 选项卡的 Material Design 文档。