(已弃用) Android Paging 高级 Codelab

 git clone https://github.com/android/codelab-android-paging

class GithubPagingSource(
        private val service: GithubService,
        private val query: String
) : PagingSource<Int, Repo>() { 
    override suspend fun load(params: LoadParams<Int>): LoadResult<Int, Repo> {
        TODO("Not yet implemented")
    }
   override fun getRefreshKey(state: PagingState<Int, Repo>): Int? { 
        TODO("Not yet implemented")
    }

}

// GitHub page API is 1 based: https://developer.github.com/v3/#pagination
private const val GITHUB_STARTING_PAGE_INDEX = 1

class GithubPagingSource(
        private val service: GithubService,
        private val query: String
) : PagingSource<Int, Repo>() {

    override suspend fun load(params: LoadParams<Int>): LoadResult<Int, Repo> {
        val position = params.key ?: GITHUB_STARTING_PAGE_INDEX
        val apiQuery = query + IN_QUALIFIER
        return try {
            val response = service.searchRepos(apiQuery, position, params.loadSize)
            val repos = response.items
            val nextKey = if (repos.isEmpty()) {
                null
            } else {
                // initial load size = 3 * NETWORK_PAGE_SIZE
                // ensure we're not requesting duplicating items, at the 2nd request
                position + (params.loadSize / NETWORK_PAGE_SIZE)
            }
            LoadResult.Page(
                    data = repos,
                    prevKey = if (position == GITHUB_STARTING_PAGE_INDEX) null else position - 1,
                    nextKey = nextKey
            )
        } catch (exception: IOException) {
            return LoadResult.Error(exception)
        } catch (exception: HttpException) {
            return LoadResult.Error(exception)
        }
    }
    // The refresh key is used for subsequent refresh calls to PagingSource.load after the initial load
    override fun getRefreshKey(state: PagingState<Int, Repo>): Int? {
        // We need to get the previous key (or next key if previous is null) of the page
        // that was closest to the most recently accessed index.
        // Anchor position is the most recently accessed index
        return state.anchorPosition?.let { anchorPosition ->
            state.closestPageToPosition(anchorPosition)?.prevKey?.plus(1)
                ?: state.closestPageToPosition(anchorPosition)?.nextKey?.minus(1)
        }
    }

}

fun getSearchResultStream(query: String): Flow<PagingData<Repo>> {
    return Pager(
          config = PagingConfig(
            pageSize = NETWORK_PAGE_SIZE,
            enablePlaceholders = false
         ),
          pagingSourceFactory = { GithubPagingSource(service, query) }
    ).flow
}

class GithubRepository(private val service: GithubService) {

    fun getSearchResultStream(query: String): Flow<PagingData<Repo>> {
        return Pager(
                config = PagingConfig(
                pageSize = NETWORK_PAGE_SIZE,
                enablePlaceholders = false
             ),
                pagingSourceFactory = { GithubPagingSource(service, query) }
        ).flow
    }

    companion object {
        const val NETWORK_PAGE_SIZE = 50
    }
}

sealed class UiAction {
    data class Search(val query: String) : UiAction()
    data class Scroll(
        val visibleItemCount: Int,
        val lastVisibleItemPosition: Int,
        val totalItemCount: Int
    ) : UiAction()
}

data class UiState(
    val query: String,
    val searchResult: RepoSearchResult
)

data class UiState(
    val query: String = DEFAULT_QUERY,
    val lastQueryScrolled: String = DEFAULT_QUERY,
    val hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch: Boolean = false
)

   /**
     * Stream of immutable states representative of the UI.
     */
    val state: StateFlow<UiState>

    val pagingDataFlow: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>

sealed class UiAction {
    ...
    data class Scroll(val currentQuery: String) : UiAction()
}

class SearchRepositoriesViewModel{
  ...
   override fun onCleared() {
        savedStateHandle[LAST_SEARCH_QUERY] = state.value.query
        savedStateHandle[LAST_QUERY_SCROLLED] = state.value.lastQueryScrolled
        super.onCleared()
    }
}

// This is outside the ViewModel class, but in the same file
private const val LAST_QUERY_SCROLLED: String = "last_query_scrolled"

class SearchRepositoriesViewModel(
    ...
) : ViewModel() {

    override fun onCleared() {
        ...
    }

    private fun searchRepo(queryString: String): Flow<PagingData<Repo>> =
        repository.getSearchResultStream(queryString)
}

class SearchRepositoriesViewModel(
    ...
) : ViewModel() {
    ...
    init {
        val initialQuery: String = savedStateHandle.get(LAST_SEARCH_QUERY) ?: DEFAULT_QUERY
        val lastQueryScrolled: String = savedStateHandle.get(LAST_QUERY_SCROLLED) ?: DEFAULT_QUERY
        val actionStateFlow = MutableSharedFlow<UiAction>()
        val searches = actionStateFlow
            .filterIsInstance<UiAction.Search>()
            .distinctUntilChanged()
            .onStart { emit(UiAction.Search(query = initialQuery)) }
        val queriesScrolled = actionStateFlow
            .filterIsInstance<UiAction.Scroll>()
            .distinctUntilChanged()
            // This is shared to keep the flow "hot" while caching the last query scrolled,
            // otherwise each flatMapLatest invocation would lose the last query scrolled,
            .shareIn(
                scope = viewModelScope,
                started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(stopTimeoutMillis = 5000),
                replay = 1
            )
            .onStart { emit(UiAction.Scroll(currentQuery = lastQueryScrolled)) }
   }
}

init {
        ...
        pagingDataFlow = searches
            .flatMapLatest { searchRepo(queryString = it.query) }
            .cachedIn(viewModelScope)

        state = combine(
            searches,
            queriesScrolled,
            ::Pair
        ).map { (search, scroll) ->
            UiState(
                query = search.query,
                lastQueryScrolled = scroll.currentQuery,
                // If the search query matches the scroll query, the user has scrolled
                hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch = search.query != scroll.currentQuery
            )
        }
            .stateIn(
                scope = viewModelScope,
                started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(stopTimeoutMillis = 5000),
                initialValue = UiState()
            )

        accept = { action ->
            viewModelScope.launch { actionStateFlow.emit(action) }
        }
    }
}

class ReposAdapter : PagingDataAdapter<Repo, RepoViewHolder>(REPO_COMPARATOR) {
// body is unchanged
}

   private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindState(
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        uiActions: (UiAction) -> Unit
    ) {
        ...
    }

   private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindSearch(
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        onQueryChanged: (UiAction.Search) -> Unit
    ) {
        searchRepo.setOnEditorActionListener {...}
        searchRepo.setOnKeyListener {...}

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            uiState
                .map { it.query }
                .distinctUntilChanged()
                .collect(searchRepo::setText)
        }
    }

   private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        list.addOnScrollListener(object : RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {
            override fun onScrolled(recyclerView: RecyclerView, dx: Int, dy: Int) {
                if (dy != 0) onScrollChanged(UiAction.Scroll(currentQuery = uiState.value.query))
            }
        })
        // the rest of the code is unchanged
    }

    private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        list.addOnScrollListener(...)
        val notLoading = repoAdapter.loadStateFlow
            // Only emit when REFRESH LoadState for the paging source changes.
            .distinctUntilChangedBy { it.source.refresh }
            // Only react to cases where REFRESH completes i.e., NotLoading.
            .map { it.source.refresh is LoadState.NotLoading }

        val hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch = uiState
            .map { it.hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch }
            .distinctUntilChanged()

        val shouldScrollToTop = combine(
            notLoading,
            hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch,
            Boolean::and
        )
            .distinctUntilChanged()

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            pagingData.collectLatest(repoAdapter::submitData)
        }

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            shouldScrollToTop.collect { shouldScroll ->
                if (shouldScroll) list.scrollToPosition(0)
            }
        }
    }

class SearchRepositoriesActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val binding = ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        val view = binding.root
        setContentView(view)

        // get the view model
        val viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this, Injection.provideViewModelFactory(owner = this))
            .get(SearchRepositoriesViewModel::class.java)

        // add dividers between RecyclerView's row items
        val decoration = DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL)
        binding.list.addItemDecoration(decoration)

        // bind the state
        binding.bindState(
            uiState = viewModel.state,
            pagingData = viewModel.pagingDataFlow,
            uiActions = viewModel.accept
        )
    }

    /**
     * Binds the [UiState] provided  by the [SearchRepositoriesViewModel] to the UI,
     * and allows the UI to feed back user actions to it.
     */
    private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindState(
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        uiActions: (UiAction) -> Unit
    ) {
        val repoAdapter = ReposAdapter()
        list.adapter = repoAdapter

        bindSearch(
            uiState = uiState,
            onQueryChanged = uiActions
        )
        bindList(
            repoAdapter = repoAdapter,
            uiState = uiState,
            pagingData = pagingData,
            onScrollChanged = uiActions
        )
    }

    private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindSearch(
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        onQueryChanged: (UiAction.Search) -> Unit
    ) {
        searchRepo.setOnEditorActionListener { _, actionId, _ ->
            if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_GO) {
                updateRepoListFromInput(onQueryChanged)
                true
            } else {
                false
            }
        }
        searchRepo.setOnKeyListener { _, keyCode, event ->
            if (event.action == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN && keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER) {
                updateRepoListFromInput(onQueryChanged)
                true
            } else {
                false
            }
        }

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            uiState
                .map { it.query }
                .distinctUntilChanged()
                .collect(searchRepo::setText)
        }
    }

    private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.updateRepoListFromInput(onQueryChanged: (UiAction.Search) -> Unit) {
        searchRepo.text.trim().let {
            if (it.isNotEmpty()) {
                list.scrollToPosition(0)
                onQueryChanged(UiAction.Search(query = it.toString()))
            }
        }
    }

    private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        list.addOnScrollListener(object : RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {
            override fun onScrolled(recyclerView: RecyclerView, dx: Int, dy: Int) {
                if (dy != 0) onScrollChanged(UiAction.Scroll(currentQuery = uiState.value.query))
            }
        })
        val notLoading = repoAdapter.loadStateFlow
            // Only emit when REFRESH LoadState for the paging source changes.
            .distinctUntilChangedBy { it.source.refresh }
            // Only react to cases where REFRESH completes i.e., NotLoading.
            .map { it.source.refresh is LoadState.NotLoading }

        val hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch = uiState
            .map { it.hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch }
            .distinctUntilChanged()

        val shouldScrollToTop = combine(
            notLoading,
            hasNotScrolledForCurrentSearch,
            Boolean::and
        )
            .distinctUntilChanged()

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            pagingData.collectLatest(repoAdapter::submitData)
        }

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            shouldScrollToTop.collect { shouldScroll ->
                if (shouldScroll) list.scrollToPosition(0)
            }
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="8dp">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/error_msg"
        android:textColor="?android:textColorPrimary"
        android:textSize="@dimen/error_text_size"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:textAlignment="center"
        tools:text="Timeout"/>
    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progress_bar"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/retry_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:text="@string/retry"/>
</LinearLayout>

class ReposLoadStateViewHolder(
        private val binding: ReposLoadStateFooterViewItemBinding,
        retry: () -> Unit
) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {

    init {
        binding.retryButton.setOnClickListener { retry.invoke() }
    }

    fun bind(loadState: LoadState) {
        if (loadState is LoadState.Error) {
            binding.errorMsg.text = loadState.error.localizedMessage
        }
        binding.progressBar.isVisible = loadState is LoadState.Loading
        binding.retryButton.isVisible = loadState is LoadState.Error
        binding.errorMsg.isVisible = loadState is LoadState.Error
    }

    companion object {
        fun create(parent: ViewGroup, retry: () -> Unit): ReposLoadStateViewHolder {
            val view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context)
                    .inflate(R.layout.repos_load_state_footer_view_item, parent, false)
            val binding = ReposLoadStateFooterViewItemBinding.bind(view)
            return ReposLoadStateViewHolder(binding, retry)
        }
    }
}

class ReposLoadStateAdapter(private val retry: () -> Unit) : LoadStateAdapter<ReposLoadStateViewHolder>() {
    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ReposLoadStateViewHolder, loadState: LoadState) {
        holder.bind(loadState)
    }

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, loadState: LoadState): ReposLoadStateViewHolder {
        return ReposLoadStateViewHolder.create(parent, retry)
    }
}

   private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindState(
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        uiActions: (UiAction) -> Unit
    ) {
        val repoAdapter = ReposAdapter()
        list.adapter = repoAdapter.withLoadStateHeaderAndFooter(
            header = ReposLoadStateAdapter { repoAdapter.retry() },
            footer = ReposLoadStateAdapter { repoAdapter.retry() }
        )
        ...
    }

private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        ...
        lifecycleScope.launch {
            repoAdapter.loadStateFlow.collect { loadState ->
                val isListEmpty = loadState.refresh is LoadState.NotLoading && repoAdapter.itemCount == 0
                // show empty list
                emptyList.isVisible = isListEmpty
                // Only show the list if refresh succeeds.
                list.isVisible = !isListEmpty
                }
            }
        }
    }

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".ui.SearchRepositoriesActivity">
    <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
        android:id="@+id/input_layout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
        style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/search_repo"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="@string/search_hint"
            android:imeOptions="actionSearch"
            android:inputType="textNoSuggestions"
            android:selectAllOnFocus="true"
            tools:text="Android"/>
    </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/list"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:paddingVertical="@dimen/row_item_margin_vertical"
        android:scrollbars="vertical"
        app:layoutManager="LinearLayoutManager"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/input_layout"
        tools:ignore="UnusedAttribute"/>

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progress_bar"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/retry_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/retry"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"/>

    <TextView android:id="@+id/emptyList"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="@string/no_results"
        android:textSize="@dimen/repo_name_size"
        android:visibility="gone"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

// SearchRepositoriesActivity.kt

   private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        retryButton.setOnClickListener { repoAdapter.retry() }
        ...
}

private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        pagingData: Flow<PagingData<Repo>>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        ...
        lifecycleScope.launch {
            repoAdapter.loadStateFlow.collect { loadState ->
                val isListEmpty = loadState.refresh is LoadState.NotLoading && repoAdapter.itemCount == 0
                // show empty list
                emptyList.isVisible = isListEmpty
                // Only show the list if refresh succeeds.
                list.isVisible = !isListEmpty
                // Show loading spinner during initial load or refresh.
                progressBar.isVisible = loadState.source.refresh is LoadState.Loading
                // Show the retry state if initial load or refresh fails.
                retryButton.isVisible = loadState.source.refresh is LoadState.Error

                // Toast on any error, regardless of whether it came from RemoteMediator or PagingSource
                val errorState = loadState.source.append as? LoadState.Error
                    ?: loadState.source.prepend as? LoadState.Error
                    ?: loadState.append as? LoadState.Error
                    ?: loadState.prepend as? LoadState.Error
                errorState?.let {
                    Toast.makeText(
                        this@SearchRepositoriesActivity,
                        "\uD83D\uDE28 Wooops ${it.error}",
                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG
                    ).show()
                }
            }
        }
    }

sealed class UiModel {
    data class RepoItem(val repo: Repo) : UiModel()
    data class SeparatorItem(val description: String) : UiModel()
}

private val UiModel.RepoItem.roundedStarCount: Int
    get() = this.repo.stars / 10_000

class SearchRepositoriesViewModel(
    private val repository: GithubRepository,
    private val savedStateHandle: SavedStateHandle
) : ViewModel() {

    ...

    fun searchRepo(queryString: String): Flow<PagingData<UiModel>> {
        ... 
    }
}

...
val newResult: Flow<PagingData<UiModel>> = repository.getSearchResultStream(queryString)
                .map { pagingData -> pagingData.map { UiModel.RepoItem(it) } }
... 

   private fun searchRepo(queryString: String): Flow<PagingData<UiModel>> =
        repository.getSearchResultStream(queryString)
            .map { pagingData -> pagingData.map { UiModel.RepoItem(it) } }
            .map {
                it.insertSeparators { before, after ->
                    if (after == null) {
                        // we're at the end of the list
                        return@insertSeparators null
                    }

                    if (before == null) {
                        // we're at the beginning of the list
                        return@insertSeparators UiModel.SeparatorItem("${after.roundedStarCount}0.000+ stars")
                    }
                    // check between 2 items
                    if (before.roundedStarCount > after.roundedStarCount) {
                        if (after.roundedStarCount >= 1) {
                            UiModel.SeparatorItem("${after.roundedStarCount}0.000+ stars")
                        } else {
                            UiModel.SeparatorItem("< 10.000+ stars")
                        }
                    } else {
                        // no separator
                        null
                    }
                }
            }

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout 
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="@color/separatorBackground">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/separator_description"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:padding="@dimen/row_item_margin_horizontal"
        android:textColor="@color/separatorText"
        android:textSize="@dimen/repo_name_size"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        tools:text="10000+ stars" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

class SeparatorViewHolder(view: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(view) {
    private val description: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.separator_description)

    fun bind(separatorText: String) {
        description.text = separatorText
    }

    companion object {
        fun create(parent: ViewGroup): SeparatorViewHolder {
            val view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context)
                    .inflate(R.layout.separator_view_item, parent, false)
            return SeparatorViewHolder(view)
        }
    }
}

class ReposAdapter : PagingDataAdapter<UiModel, ViewHolder>(UIMODEL_COMPARATOR) {

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {
        return if (viewType == R.layout.repo_view_item) {
            RepoViewHolder.create(parent)
        } else {
            SeparatorViewHolder.create(parent)
        }
    }

    override fun getItemViewType(position: Int): Int {
        return when (getItem(position)) {
            is UiModel.RepoItem -> R.layout.repo_view_item
            is UiModel.SeparatorItem -> R.layout.separator_view_item
            null -> throw UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown view")
        }
    }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {
        val uiModel = getItem(position)
        uiModel.let {
            when (uiModel) {
                is UiModel.RepoItem -> (holder as RepoViewHolder).bind(uiModel.repo)
                is UiModel.SeparatorItem -> (holder as SeparatorViewHolder).bind(uiModel.description)
            }
        }
    }

    companion object {
        private val UIMODEL_COMPARATOR = object : DiffUtil.ItemCallback<UiModel>() {
            override fun areItemsTheSame(oldItem: UiModel, newItem: UiModel): Boolean {
                return (oldItem is UiModel.RepoItem && newItem is UiModel.RepoItem &&
                        oldItem.repo.fullName == newItem.repo.fullName) ||
                        (oldItem is UiModel.SeparatorItem && newItem is UiModel.SeparatorItem &&
                                oldItem.description == newItem.description)
            }

            override fun areContentsTheSame(oldItem: UiModel, newItem: UiModel): Boolean =
                    oldItem == newItem
        }
    }
}

@Entity(tableName = "repos")
data class Repo(
    @PrimaryKey @field:SerializedName("id") val id: Long,
    @field:SerializedName("name") val name: String,
    @field:SerializedName("full_name") val fullName: String,
    @field:SerializedName("description") val description: String?,
    @field:SerializedName("html_url") val url: String,
    @field:SerializedName("stargazers_count") val stars: Int,
    @field:SerializedName("forks_count") val forks: Int,
    @field:SerializedName("language") val language: String?
)

 @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
 suspend fun insertAll(repos: List<Repo>)

@Query("SELECT * FROM repos WHERE " +
  "name LIKE :queryString OR description LIKE :queryString " +
  "ORDER BY stars DESC, name ASC")
fun reposByName(queryString: String): PagingSource<Int, Repo>

@Query("DELETE FROM repos")
suspend fun clearRepos()

@Dao
interface RepoDao {

    @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
    suspend fun insertAll(repos: List<Repo>)

    @Query("SELECT * FROM repos WHERE " +
   "name LIKE :queryString OR description LIKE :queryString " +
   "ORDER BY stars DESC, name ASC")
    fun reposByName(queryString: String): PagingSource<Int, Repo>

    @Query("DELETE FROM repos")
    suspend fun clearRepos()
}

@Database(
    entities = [Repo::class],
    version = 1,
    exportSchema = false
)
abstract class RepoDatabase : RoomDatabase() {

    abstract fun reposDao(): RepoDao

    companion object {

        @Volatile
        private var INSTANCE: RepoDatabase? = null

        fun getInstance(context: Context): RepoDatabase =
                INSTANCE ?: synchronized(this) {
                    INSTANCE
                            ?: buildDatabase(context).also { INSTANCE = it }
                }

        private fun buildDatabase(context: Context) =
                Room.databaseBuilder(context.applicationContext,
                        RepoDatabase::class.java, "Github.db")
                        .build()
    }
}

@OptIn(ExperimentalPagingApi::class)
class GithubRemoteMediator(
    private val query: String,
    private val service: GithubService,
    private val repoDatabase: RepoDatabase
) : RemoteMediator<Int, Repo>() {

    override suspend fun load(loadType: LoadType, state: PagingState<Int, Repo>): MediatorResult {

   }
}

@Entity(tableName = "remote_keys")
data class RemoteKeys(
    @PrimaryKey
    val repoId: Long,
    val prevKey: Int?,
    val nextKey: Int?
)

@Dao
interface RemoteKeysDao {

    @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
    suspend fun insertAll(remoteKey: List<RemoteKeys>)

    @Query("SELECT * FROM remote_keys WHERE repoId = :repoId")
    suspend fun remoteKeysRepoId(repoId: Long): RemoteKeys?

    @Query("DELETE FROM remote_keys")
    suspend fun clearRemoteKeys()
}

@Database(
        entities = [Repo::class, RemoteKeys::class],
        version = 1,
        exportSchema = false
)
abstract class RepoDatabase : RoomDatabase() {

    abstract fun reposDao(): RepoDao
    abstract fun remoteKeysDao(): RemoteKeysDao

    ... 
    // rest of the class doesn't change
}

override suspend fun load(loadType: LoadType, state: PagingState<Int, Repo>): MediatorResult {
    val page = when (loadType) {
        LoadType.REFRESH -> {
         // TODO
        }
        LoadType.PREPEND -> {
        // TODO
        }
        LoadType.APPEND -> {
        // TODO
        }
    }
    val apiQuery = query + IN_QUALIFIER

    try {
        val apiResponse = service.searchRepos(apiQuery, page, state.config.pageSize)

        val repos = apiResponse.items
        val endOfPaginationReached = repos.isEmpty()
        repoDatabase.withTransaction {
            // clear all tables in the database
            if (loadType == LoadType.REFRESH) {
                repoDatabase.remoteKeysDao().clearRemoteKeys()
                repoDatabase.reposDao().clearRepos()
            }
            val prevKey = if (page == GITHUB_STARTING_PAGE_INDEX) null else page - 1
            val nextKey = if (endOfPaginationReached) null else page + 1
            val keys = repos.map {
                RemoteKeys(repoId = it.id, prevKey = prevKey, nextKey = nextKey)
            }
            repoDatabase.remoteKeysDao().insertAll(keys)
            repoDatabase.reposDao().insertAll(repos)
        }
        return MediatorResult.Success(endOfPaginationReached = endOfPaginationReached)
    } catch (exception: IOException) {
        return MediatorResult.Error(exception)
    } catch (exception: HttpException) {
        return MediatorResult.Error(exception)
    }
}

    private suspend fun getRemoteKeyForLastItem(state: PagingState<Int, Repo>): RemoteKeys? {
        // Get the last page that was retrieved, that contained items.
        // From that last page, get the last item
        return state.pages.lastOrNull() { it.data.isNotEmpty() }?.data?.lastOrNull()
                ?.let { repo ->
                    // Get the remote keys of the last item retrieved
repoDatabase.remoteKeysDao().remoteKeysRepoId(repo.id)
                }
    }

val page = when (loadType) {
    LoadType.APPEND -> {
        val remoteKeys = getRemoteKeyForLastItem(state)
        // If remoteKeys is null, that means the refresh result is not in the database yet.
        // We can return Success with endOfPaginationReached = false because Paging
        // will call this method again if RemoteKeys becomes non-null.
        // If remoteKeys is NOT NULL but its nextKey is null, that means we've reached
        // the end of pagination for append.
        val nextKey = remoteKeys?.nextKey
        if (nextKey == null) {
            return MediatorResult.Success(endOfPaginationReached = remoteKeys != null)
        }
        nextKey
    }
      ...
  }

private suspend fun getRemoteKeyForFirstItem(state: PagingState<Int, Repo>): RemoteKeys? {
    // Get the first page that was retrieved, that contained items.
    // From that first page, get the first item
    return state.pages.firstOrNull { it.data.isNotEmpty() }?.data?.firstOrNull()
            ?.let { repo ->
                // Get the remote keys of the first items retrieved
                repoDatabase.remoteKeysDao().remoteKeysRepoId(repo.id)
            }
}

val page = when (loadType) {
    LoadType.PREPEND -> {
        val remoteKeys = getRemoteKeyForFirstItem(state)
        // If remoteKeys is null, that means the refresh result is not in the database yet.
        val prevKey = remoteKeys?.prevKey
        if (prevKey == null) {
            return MediatorResult.Success(endOfPaginationReached = remoteKeys != null)
        }
        prevKey
    }

      ...
  }

private suspend fun getRemoteKeyClosestToCurrentPosition(
        state: PagingState<Int, Repo>
): RemoteKeys? {
    // The paging library is trying to load data after the anchor position
    // Get the item closest to the anchor position
    return state.anchorPosition?.let { position ->
        state.closestItemToPosition(position)?.id?.let { repoId -> 
   repoDatabase.remoteKeysDao().remoteKeysRepoId(repoId)
        }
    }
}

val page = when (loadType) {
    LoadType.REFRESH -> {
        val remoteKeys = getRemoteKeyClosestToCurrentPosition(state)
        remoteKeys?.nextKey?.minus(1) ?: GITHUB_STARTING_PAGE_INDEX
    }
    LoadType.PREPEND -> {
        val remoteKeys = getRemoteKeyForFirstItem(state)
        val prevKey = remoteKeys?.prevKey
        if (prevKey == null) {
            return MediatorResult.Success(endOfPaginationReached = remoteKeys != null)
        }
        prevKey
    }
    LoadType.APPEND -> {
        val remoteKeys = getRemoteKeyForLastItem(state)
        val nextKey = remoteKeys?.nextKey
        if (nextKey == null) {
            return MediatorResult.Success(endOfPaginationReached = remoteKeys != null)
        }
        nextKey
    }
}

class GithubRepository(
        private val service: GithubService,
        private val database: RepoDatabase
) { ... }

object Injection {
    private fun provideGithubRepository(context: Context): GithubRepository {
        return GithubRepository(GithubService.create(), RepoDatabase.getInstance(context))
    }

    fun provideViewModelFactory(context: Context, owner: SavedStateRegistryOwner): ViewModelProvider.Factory {
        return ViewModelFactory(owner, provideGithubRepository(context))
    }
}

       // get the view model
        val viewModel = ViewModelProvider(
            this, Injection.provideViewModelFactory(
                context = this,
                owner = this
            )
        )
            .get(SearchRepositoriesViewModel::class.java)

// appending '%' so we can allow other characters to be before and after the query string
val dbQuery = "%${query.replace(' ', '%')}%"
val pagingSourceFactory =  { database.reposDao().reposByName(dbQuery)}

@OptIn(ExperimentalPagingApi::class)
return Pager(
        config = PagingConfig(
            pageSize = NETWORK_PAGE_SIZE,
            enablePlaceholders = false
         ),
        remoteMediator = GithubRemoteMediator(
                query,
                service,
                database
        ),
        pagingSourceFactory = pagingSourceFactory
).flow

enum class RemotePresentationState {
    INITIAL, REMOTE_LOADING, SOURCE_LOADING, PRESENTED
}

@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
fun Flow<CombinedLoadStates>.asRemotePresentationState(): Flow<RemotePresentationState> =
    scan(RemotePresentationState.INITIAL) { state, loadState ->
        when (state) {
            RemotePresentationState.PRESENTED -> when (loadState.mediator?.refresh) {
                is LoadState.Loading -> RemotePresentationState.REMOTE_LOADING
                else -> state
            }
            RemotePresentationState.INITIAL -> when (loadState.mediator?.refresh) {
                is LoadState.Loading -> RemotePresentationState.REMOTE_LOADING
                else -> state
            }
            RemotePresentationState.REMOTE_LOADING -> when (loadState.source.refresh) {
                is LoadState.Loading -> RemotePresentationState.SOURCE_LOADING
                else -> state
            }
            RemotePresentationState.SOURCE_LOADING -> when (loadState.source.refresh) {
                is LoadState.NotLoading -> RemotePresentationState.PRESENTED
                else -> state
            }
        }
    }
        .distinctUntilChanged()

       val notLoading = repoAdapter.loadStateFlow
            .asRemotePresentationState()
            .map { it == RemotePresentationState.PRESENTED }

private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        header: ReposLoadStateAdapter,
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        ...

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            repoAdapter.loadStateFlow.collect { loadState ->
                ...
                val isListEmpty = loadState.refresh is LoadState.NotLoading && repoAdapter.itemCount == 0
                // show empty list
                emptyList.isVisible = isListEmpty
                // Only show the list if refresh succeeds, either from the local db or the remote.
                list.isVisible =  loadState.source.refresh is LoadState.NotLoading || loadState.mediator?.refresh is LoadState.NotLoading
                // Show loading spinner during initial load or refresh.
                progressBar.isVisible = loadState.mediator?.refresh is LoadState.Loading
                // Show the retry state if initial load or refresh fails.
                retryButton.isVisible = loadState.mediator?.refresh is LoadState.Error && repoAdapter.itemCount == 0
                }
            }
        }
    }

private fun ActivitySearchRepositoriesBinding.bindList(
        header: ReposLoadStateAdapter,
        repoAdapter: ReposAdapter,
        uiState: StateFlow<UiState>,
        onScrollChanged: (UiAction.Scroll) -> Unit
    ) {
        ...

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            repoAdapter.loadStateFlow.collect { loadState ->
                // Show a retry header if there was an error refreshing, and items were previously
                // cached OR default to the default prepend state
                header.loadState = loadState.mediator
                    ?.refresh
                    ?.takeIf { it is LoadState.Error && repoAdapter.itemCount > 0 }
                    ?: loadState.prepend
                ...
            }
        }
    }