使用 WorkManager 执行后台任务 - Java

$ git clone -b java https://github.com/googlecodelabs/android-workmanager

$ git clone -b start_java https://github.com/googlecodelabs/android-workmanager

dependencies {
    // WorkManager dependency
    implementation "androidx.work:work-runtime:$versions.work"
}

versions.work = "2.7.1"

public class BlurWorker extends Worker {
    public BlurWorker(
        @NonNull Context appContext,
        @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParams) {
            super(appContext, workerParams);
    }
}

Bitmap picture = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
    applicationContext.getResources(),
    R.drawable.android_cupcake);

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.Log;

import com.example.background.R;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.work.Worker;
import androidx.work.WorkerParameters;

public class BlurWorker extends Worker {
    public BlurWorker(
            @NonNull Context appContext,
            @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParams) {
        super(appContext, workerParams);
    }

    private static final String TAG = BlurWorker.class.getSimpleName();

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Result doWork() {

        Context applicationContext = getApplicationContext();

        try {

            Bitmap picture = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
                    applicationContext.getResources(),
                    R.drawable.android_cupcake);

            // Blur the bitmap
            Bitmap output = WorkerUtils.blurBitmap(picture, applicationContext);

            // Write bitmap to a temp file
            Uri outputUri = WorkerUtils.writeBitmapToFile(applicationContext, output);

            WorkerUtils.makeStatusNotification("Output is "
                    + outputUri.toString(), applicationContext);

            // If there were no errors, return SUCCESS
            return Result.success();
        } catch (Throwable throwable) {

            // Technically WorkManager will return Result.failure()
            // but it's best to be explicit about it.
            // Thus if there were errors, we're return FAILURE
            Log.e(TAG, "Error applying blur", throwable);
            return Result.failure();
        }
    }
}

private WorkManager mWorkManager;

// BlurViewModel constructor
public BlurViewModel(@NonNull Application application) {
  super(application);
  mWorkManager = WorkManager.getInstance(application);

  //...rest of the constructor
}

void applyBlur(int blurLevel) {
   mWorkManager.enqueue(OneTimeWorkRequest.from(BlurWorker.class));
}

/**
 * Creates the input data bundle which includes the Uri to operate on
 * @return Data which contains the Image Uri as a String
 */
private Data createInputDataForUri() {
    Data.Builder builder = new Data.Builder();
    if (mImageUri != null) {
        builder.putString(KEY_IMAGE_URI, mImageUri.toString());
    }
    return builder.build();
}

void applyBlur(int blurLevel) {
   OneTimeWorkRequest blurRequest =
                new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(BlurWorker.class)
                        .setInputData(createInputDataForUri())
                        .build();

   mWorkManager.enqueue(blurRequest);
}

public Result doWork() {

       Context applicationContext = getApplicationContext();
        
        // ADD THIS LINE
       String resourceUri = getInputData().getString(Constants.KEY_IMAGE_URI);
         
        //... rest of doWork()
}

  `openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)))`

public Worker.Result doWork() {
       Context applicationContext = getApplicationContext();
        
       String resourceUri = getInputData().getString(Constants.KEY_IMAGE_URI);

    try {

        // REPLACE THIS CODE:
        // Bitmap picture = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
        //        applicationContext.getResources(),
        //        R.drawable.android_cupcake);
        // WITH
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(resourceUri)) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid input uri");
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid input uri");
        }

        ContentResolver resolver = applicationContext.getContentResolver();
        // Create a bitmap
        Bitmap picture = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
                resolver.openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)));
        //...rest of doWork

Data outputData = new Data.Builder()
    .putString(KEY_IMAGE_URI, outputUri.toString())
    .build();
return Result.success(outputData);

public class CleanupWorker extends Worker {
    public CleanupWorker(
            @NonNull Context appContext,
            @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParams) {
        super(appContext, workerParams);
    }
}

import android.content.Context;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.work.Worker;
import androidx.work.WorkerParameters;
import com.example.background.Constants;
import java.io.File;

public class CleanupWorker extends Worker {
    public CleanupWorker(
            @NonNull Context appContext,
            @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParams) {
        super(appContext, workerParams);
    }

    private static final String TAG = CleanupWorker.class.getSimpleName();

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Result doWork() {
        Context applicationContext = getApplicationContext();

        // Makes a notification when the work starts and slows down the work so that it's easier to
        // see each WorkRequest start, even on emulated devices
        WorkerUtils.makeStatusNotification("Cleaning up old temporary files",
                applicationContext);
        WorkerUtils.sleep();

        try {
            File outputDirectory = new File(applicationContext.getFilesDir(),
                    Constants.OUTPUT_PATH);
            if (outputDirectory.exists()) {
                File[] entries = outputDirectory.listFiles();
                if (entries != null && entries.length > 0) {
                    for (File entry : entries) {
                        String name = entry.getName();
                        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(name) && name.endsWith(".png")) {
                            boolean deleted = entry.delete();
                            Log.i(TAG, String.format("Deleted %s - %s",
                                    name, deleted));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return Worker.Result.success();
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Error cleaning up", exception);
            return Worker.Result.failure();
        }
    }
} 

import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.work.Data;
import androidx.work.Worker;
import androidx.work.WorkerParameters;
import com.example.background.Constants;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;

public class SaveImageToFileWorker extends Worker {
    public SaveImageToFileWorker(
            @NonNull Context appContext,
            @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParams) {
        super(appContext, workerParams);
    }

    private static final String TAG = SaveImageToFileWorker.class.getSimpleName();

    private static final String TITLE = "Blurred Image";
    private static final SimpleDateFormat DATE_FORMATTER =
            new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd 'at' HH:mm:ss z", Locale.getDefault());

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Result doWork() {
        Context applicationContext = getApplicationContext();

        // Makes a notification when the work starts and slows down the work so that it's easier to
        // see each WorkRequest start, even on emulated devices
        WorkerUtils.makeStatusNotification("Saving image", applicationContext);
        WorkerUtils.sleep();

        ContentResolver resolver = applicationContext.getContentResolver();
        try {
            String resourceUri = getInputData()
                    .getString(Constants.KEY_IMAGE_URI);
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
                    resolver.openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)));
            String outputUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.insertImage(
                    resolver, bitmap, TITLE, DATE_FORMATTER.format(new Date()));
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(outputUri)) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Writing to MediaStore failed");
                return Result.failure();
            }
            Data outputData = new Data.Builder()
                    .putString(Constants.KEY_IMAGE_URI, outputUri)
                    .build();
            return Result.success(outputData);
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to save image to Gallery", exception);
            return Worker.Result.failure();
        }
    }
}

@NonNull
@Override
public Worker.Result doWork() {

    Context applicationContext = getApplicationContext();

    // Makes a notification when the work starts and slows down the work so that it's easier to
    // see each WorkRequest start, even on emulated devices
    WorkerUtils.makeStatusNotification("Blurring image", applicationContext);
    WorkerUtils.sleep();
    String resourceUri = getInputData().getString(KEY_IMAGE_URI);

    try {

        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(resourceUri)) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid input uri");
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid input uri");
        }

        ContentResolver resolver = applicationContext.getContentResolver();
        // Create a bitmap
        Bitmap picture = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
                resolver.openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)));

        // Blur the bitmap
        Bitmap output = WorkerUtils.blurBitmap(picture, applicationContext);

        // Write bitmap to a temp file
        Uri outputUri = WorkerUtils.writeBitmapToFile(applicationContext, output);

        Data outputData = new Data.Builder()
                .putString(KEY_IMAGE_URI, outputUri.toString())
                .build();

        // If there were no errors, return SUCCESS
        return Result.success(outputData);
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {

        // Technically WorkManager will return Result.failure()
        // but it's best to be explicit about it.
        // Thus if there were errors, we're return FAILURE
        Log.e(TAG, "Error applying blur", throwable);
        return Result.failure();
    }
}

void applyBlur(int blurLevel) {
    OneTimeWorkRequest blurRequest =
            new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(BlurWorker.class)
                    .setInputData(createInputDataForUri())
                    .build();

    mWorkManager.enqueue(blurRequest);
}

// Example code. Don't copy to the project
WorkContinuation continuation = mWorkManager.beginWith(workA);

continuation.then(workB) // FYI, then() returns a new WorkContinuation instance
        .then(workC)
        .enqueue(); // Enqueues the WorkContinuation which is a chain of work 

void applyBlur(int blurLevel) {

    // Add WorkRequest to Cleanup temporary images
    WorkContinuation continuation =
        mWorkManager.beginWith(OneTimeWorkRequest.from(CleanupWorker.class));

    // Add WorkRequest to blur the image
    OneTimeWorkRequest blurRequest = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(BlurWorker.class)
                    .setInputData(createInputDataForUri())
                    .build();
    continuation = continuation.then(blurRequest);

    // Add WorkRequest to save the image to the filesystem
    OneTimeWorkRequest save =
        new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SaveImageToFileWorker.class)
            .build();
    continuation = continuation.then(save);

    // Actually start the work
    continuation.enqueue();
}

void applyBlur(int blurLevel) {

    // Add WorkRequest to Cleanup temporary images
    WorkContinuation continuation = mWorkManager.beginWith(OneTimeWorkRequest.from(CleanupWorker.class));

    // Add WorkRequests to blur the image the number of times requested
    for (int i = 0; i < blurLevel; i++) {
        OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder blurBuilder =
                new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(BlurWorker.class);

        // Input the Uri if this is the first blur operation
        // After the first blur operation the input will be the output of previous
        // blur operations.
        if ( i == 0 ) {
            blurBuilder.setInputData(createInputDataForUri());
        }

        continuation = continuation.then(blurBuilder.build());
    }

    // Add WorkRequest to save the image to the filesystem
    OneTimeWorkRequest save = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SaveImageToFileWorker.class)
            .build();
    continuation = continuation.then(save);

    // Actually start the work
    continuation.enqueue();
}

// REPLACE THIS CODE:
// WorkContinuation continuation = 
// mWorkManager.beginWith(OneTimeWorkRequest.from(CleanupWorker.class));
// WITH
WorkContinuation continuation = mWorkManager
                .beginUniqueWork(IMAGE_MANIPULATION_WORK_NAME,
                       ExistingWorkPolicy.REPLACE,
                       OneTimeWorkRequest.from(CleanupWorker.class));

OneTimeWorkRequest save = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SaveImageToFileWorker.class)
        .addTag(TAG_OUTPUT) // This adds the tag
        .build();

// New instance variable for the WorkInfo class
private LiveData<List<WorkInfo>> mSavedWorkInfo;

// Placed this code in the BlurViewModel constructor
mSavedWorkInfo = mWorkManager.getWorkInfosByTagLiveData(TAG_OUTPUT);  

// Add a getter method for mSavedWorkInfo
LiveData<List<WorkInfo>> getOutputWorkInfo() { return mSavedWorkInfo; } 

// Show work status, added in onCreate()
mViewModel.getOutputWorkInfo().observe(this, listOfWorkInfos -> {

    // If there are no matching work info, do nothing
    if (listOfWorkInfos == null || listOfWorkInfos.isEmpty()) {
        return;
    }

    // We only care about the first output status.
    // Every continuation has only one worker tagged TAG_OUTPUT
    WorkInfo workInfo = listOfWorkInfos.get(0);

    boolean finished = workInfo.getState().isFinished();
    if (!finished) {
        showWorkInProgress();
    } else {
        showWorkFinished();
    }
});

// New instance variable for the WorkInfo
private Uri mOutputUri;

// Add a getter and setter for mOutputUri
void setOutputUri(String outputImageUri) {
    mOutputUri = uriOrNull(outputImageUri);
}

Uri getOutputUri() { return mOutputUri; }

// Inside onCreate()

binding.seeFileButton.setOnClickListener(view -> {
    Uri currentUri = mViewModel.getOutputUri();
    if (currentUri != null) {
        Intent actionView = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, currentUri);
        if (actionView.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) { 
            startActivity(actionView);
        }
    }
});

// Replace the observer code we added in previous steps with this one.
// Show work info, goes inside onCreate()
mViewModel.getOutputWorkInfo().observe(this, listOfWorkInfo -> {

    // If there are no matching work info, do nothing
    if (listOfWorkInfo == null || listOfWorkInfo.isEmpty()) {
        return;
    }

    // We only care about the first output status.
    // Every continuation has only one worker tagged TAG_OUTPUT
    WorkInfo workInfo = listOfWorkInfo.get(0);

    boolean finished = workInfo.getState().isFinished();
    if (!finished) {
        showWorkInProgress();
    } else {
        showWorkFinished();
        Data outputData = workInfo.getOutputData();

        String outputImageUri = outputData.getString(Constants.KEY_IMAGE_URI);

        // If there is an output file show "See File" button
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(outputImageUri)) {
            mViewModel.setOutputUri(outputImageUri);
            binding.seeFileButton.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
    }
});

/**
 * Cancel work using the work's unique name
 */
void cancelWork() {
    mWorkManager.cancelUniqueWork(IMAGE_MANIPULATION_WORK_NAME);
}

// In onCreate()
        
// Hookup the Cancel button
binding.cancelButton.setOnClickListener(view -> mViewModel.cancelWork());

// In the applyBlur method

// Create charging constraint
Constraints constraints = new Constraints.Builder()
        .setRequiresCharging(true)
        .build();

// Add WorkRequest to save the image to the filesystem
OneTimeWorkRequest save = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SaveImageToFileWorker.class)
        .setConstraints(constraints) // This adds the Constraints
        .addTag(TAG_OUTPUT)
        .build();

continuation = continuation.then(save);

$ git clone -b java https://github.com/googlecodelabs/android-workmanager